15,426 research outputs found
Effect of the Gribov horizon on the Polyakov loop and vice versa
We consider finite temperature SU(2) gauge theory in the continuum
formulation, which necessitates the choice of a gauge fixing. Choosing the
Landau gauge, the existing gauge copies are taken into account by means of the
Gribov-Zwanziger (GZ) quantization scheme, which entails the introduction of a
dynamical mass scale (Gribov mass) directly influencing the Green functions of
the theory. Here, we determine simultaneously the Polyakov loop (vacuum
expectation value) and Gribov mass in terms of temperature, by minimizing the
vacuum energy w.r.t. the Polyakov loop parameter and solving the Gribov gap
equation. Inspired by the Casimir energy-style of computation, we illustrate
the usage of Zeta function regularization in finite temperature calculations.
Our main result is that the Gribov mass directly feels the deconfinement
transition, visible from a cusp occurring at the same temperature where the
Polyakov loop becomes nonzero. In this exploratory work we mainly restrict
ourselves to the original Gribov-Zwanziger quantization procedure in order to
illustrate the approach and the potential direct link between the vacuum
structure of the theory (dynamical mass scales) and (de)confinement. We also
present a first look at the critical temperature obtained from the Refined
Gribov-Zwanziger approach. Finally, a particular problem for the pressure at
low temperatures is reported.Comment: 19 pages, 8 .pdf figures. v2: extended section 3 + extra references;
version accepted for publication in EPJ
Double non-perturbative gluon exchange: an update on the soft Pomeron contribution to pp scattering
We employ a set of recent, theoretically motivated, fits to non-perturbative
unquenched gluon propagators to check in how far double gluon exchange can be
used to describe the soft sector of pp scattering data (total and differential
cross section). In particular, we use the refined Gribov--Zwanziger gluon
propagator (as arising from dealing with the Gribov gauge fixing ambiguity) and
the massive Cornwall-type gluon propagator (as motivated from Dyson-Schwinger
equations) in conjunction with a perturbative quark-gluon vertex, next to a
model based on the non-perturbative quark-gluon Maris-Tandy vertex, popular
from Bethe-Salpeter descriptions of hadronic bound states. We compare the cross
sections arising from these models with "older" ISR and more recent TOTEM and
ATLAS data. The lower the value of total energy \sqrt{s}, the better the
results appear to be.Comment: 14 pages, 8 .pdf figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.
Scaling and correlations in the dynamics of forest-fire occurrence
Forest-fire waiting times, defined as the time between successive events
above a certain size in a given region, are calculated for Italy. The
probability densities of the waiting times are found to verify a scaling law,
despite that fact that the distribution of fire sizes is not a power law. The
meaning of such behavior in terms of the possible self-similarity of the
process in a nonstationary system is discussed. We find that the scaling law
arises as a consequence of the stationarity of fire sizes and the existence of
a non-trivial ``instantaneous'' scaling law, sustained by the correlations of
the process.Comment: Not a long paper, but many figures (but no large size in kb
CT attenuation analysis of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage
Background and Purpose: Intraplaque hemorrhage is considered a leading parameter of carotid plaque vulnerability. Our purpose was to assess the CT characteristics of intraplaque hemorrhage with histopathologic correlation to identify features that allow for confirming or ruling out the intraplaque hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 91 patients (67 men; median age, 657 years; age range, 41-83 years) who underwent CT angiography and carotid endarterectomy from March 2010 to May 2013. Histopathologic analysis was performed for the tissue characterization and identification of intraplaque hemorrhage. Two observers assessed the plaque's attenuation values by using an ROI (≤1 and ≥2 mm2). Receiver operating characteristic curve, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 169 slices were assessed (59 intraplaque hemorrhage, 63 lipid-rich necrotic core, and 47 fibrous); the average values of the intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid-rich necrotic core, and fibrous tissue were 17.475 Hounsfield units (HU) and 18.407 HU, 39.476 HU and 48.048 HU, and 91.66 HU and 93.128 HU, respectively, before and after the administration of contrast medium. The Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference of HU values both in basal and after the administration of contrast material phase. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a statistical association between intraplaque hemorrhage and low HU values, and a threshold of 25 HU demonstrated the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.22% and 92.73%, respectively. The Wilcoxon test showed that the attenuation of the plaque before and after administration of contrast material is different (intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid-rich necrotic core, and fibrous tissue had P values of .006, .0001, and .018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study suggest that CT can be used to identify the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage according to the attenuation. A threshold of 25 HU in the volume acquired after the administration of contrast medium is associated with an optimal sensitivity and specificity. Special care should be given to the correct identification of the ROI
RKKY and magnetic field interactions in coupled Kondo quantum dots
We investigate theoretically the transport properties of two independent
artificial Kondo impurities. They are coupled together via a tunable
Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) interaction. For strong enough
antiferromagnetic RKKY interaction, the impurity density of states increases
with the applied in-plane magnetic field. This effect can be used to
distinguish between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic RKKY interactions.
These results may be relevant to explain some features of recent experiments by
Craig et al. (cond-mat/0404213).Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Scaling of variables and the relation between noncommutative parameters in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics
We consider Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics with phase space
noncommutativity. In particular, we show that a scaling of variables leaves the
noncommutative algebra invariant, so that only the self-consistent effective
parameters of the model are physically relevant. We also discuss the recently
proposed relation of direct proportionality between the noncommutative
parameters, showing that it has a limited applicability.Comment: Revtex4, 4 pages; version to match the published on
Star formation in the giant HII regions of M101
The molecular components of three giant HII regions (NGC 5461, NGC 5462, NGC
5471) in the galaxy M101 are investigated with new observations from the James
Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the NRAO 12-meter, and the Owens Valley millimeter
array. Of the three HII regions, only NGC 5461 had previously been detected in
CO emission.
We calculate preliminary values for the molecular mass of the GMCs in NGC
5461 by assuming a CO-to-H_2 factor (X factor) and then compare these values
with the virial masses. We conclude that the data in this paper demonstrate for
the first time that the value of X may decrease in regions with intense star
formation.
The molecular mass for the association of clouds in NGC 5461 is approximately
3x10^7 Mo and is accompanied by 1-2 times as much atomic mass. The observed CO
emission in NGC 5461 is an order of magnitude stronger than in NGC 5462, while
it was not possible to detect molecular gas toward NGC 5471 with the JCMT. An
even larger ratio of atomic to molecular gas in NGC 5471 was observed, which
might be attributed to efficient conversion of molecular to atomic gas.
The masses of the individual clouds in NGC 5461, which are gravitationally
bound, cover a range of (2-8) x 10^5 Mo, comparable with the masses of Galactic
giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Higher star forming efficiencies, and not
massive clouds, appear to be the prerequisite for the formation of the large
number of stars whose radiation is required to produce the giant HII regions in
M101.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
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