6,312 research outputs found
Thermodynamic properties of the Dicke model in the strong-coupling regime
We discuss the problem of a N two-level systems interacting with a single
radiation mode in the strong-coupling regime. The thermodynamic properties of
Dicke model are analyzed developing a perturbative expansion of the partition
function in the high-temperature limit and we use this method to investigate
the connections between the Dicke and the collective one-dimensional Ising
modelComment: 7 pages, accepted for publication in EPJ
Openness and Growth in Central-Eastern European Countries
We present evidence of the relationship between trade-openness and growth in the sample of former communist countries before and after the transition from a central planned economy (CPE) to a market economy by applying standard OLS and panel estimation techniques. The main finding is that during the transition the importance of openness on growth per capita has increased sharply by changing the coefficient from a negative sign to a positive and significant one. The result seems to be robust to (i) estimation methods , (ii) different measures of openness adopted and (iii)consistent with the integration view, which states that a higher degree of trade openness spurred by market incentives and comparative advantages enhances the per capita growth rate of economies.economic growth, transition economies, trade openness
Variations of Casimir energy from a superconducting transition
We consider a five-layer Casimir cavity, including a thin superconducting
film. We show that when the cavity is cooled below the critical temperature for
the onset of superconductivity, the sharp variation (in the microwave region)
of the reflection coefficient of the film produces a variation in the value of
the Casimir energy. Even though the relative variation in the Casimir energy is
very small, its magnitude can be comparable to the condensation energy of the
superconducting film, and thus causes a significant increase in the value of
the critical magnetic field, required to destroy the superconductivity of the
film. The proposed scheme might also help clarifying the current controversy
about the magnitude of the contribution to Casimir free energy from the TE zero
mode, as we find that alternative treatments of this mode strongly affect the
shift of critical field.Comment: RevTex 4, 15 pages, 8 figures. Revised version with improved
presentation, a brief description of the ALADIN experiment, and a few
references adde
Push on a Casimir apparatus in a weak gravitational field
The influence of the gravity acceleration on the regularized energy-momentum
tensor of the quantized electromagnetic field between two plane parallel
conducting plates is derived. We use Fermi coordinates and work to first order
in the constant acceleration parameter. A new simple formula for the trace
anomaly is found to first order in the constant acceleration, and a more
systematic derivation is therefore obtained of the theoretical prediction
according to which the Casimir device in a weak gravitational field will
experience a tiny push in the upwards direction.Comment: 14 pages, Plain Tex. Talk given at the 17th SIGRAV Conference on
General Relativity and Gravitational Physics, Torino, September 200
Background-deflection Brillouin microscopy reveals altered biomechanics of intracellular stress granules by ALS protein FUS
Altered cellular biomechanics have been implicated as key photogenic triggers in age-related diseases. An aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transition, observed in in vitro reconstituted droplets of FUS protein, has been recently proposed as a possible pathogenic mechanism for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Whether such transition occurs in cell environments is currently unknown as a consequence of the limited measuring capability of the existing techniques, which are invasive or lack of subcellular resolution. Here we developed a non-contact and label-free imaging method, named background-deflection Brillouin microscopy, to investigate the three-dimensional intracellular biomechanics at a sub-micron resolution. Our method exploits diffraction to achieve an unprecedented 10,000-fold enhancement in the spectral contrast of single-stage spectrometers, enabling, to the best of our knowledge, the first direct biomechanical analysis on intracellular stress granules containing ALS mutant FUS protein in fixed cells. Our findings provide fundamental insights on the critical aggregation step underlying the neurodegenerative ALS disease
Towards measuring variations of Casimir energy by a superconducting cavity
We consider a Casimir cavity, one plate of which is a thin superconducting
film. We show that when the cavity is cooled below the critical temperature for
the onset of superconductivity, the sharp variation (in the far infrared) of
the reflection coefficient of the film engenders a variation in the value of
the Casimir energy. Even though the relative variation in the Casimir energy is
very small, its magnitude can be comparable to the condensation energy of the
superconducting film, and this gives rise to a number of testable effects,
including a significant increase in the value of the critical magnetic field,
required to destroy the superconductivity of the film. The theoretical ground
is therefore prepared for the first experiment ever aimed at measuring
variations of the Casimir energy itself.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Substantial improvement of presentation, choice
of a more convenient cavity geometry. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Let
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