8 research outputs found
Molecular prevalence, genetic characterization and patterns of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic small mammals from Cotonou, Benin
Toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in humans and animals, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Small mammals play a key role as intermediate reservoir hosts in the maintenance of the T. gondii life cycle. In this study, we estimated the molecular prevalence and provide genetic diversity data for T. gondii in 632 small mammals sampled in four areas of Cotonou city, Benin. Both the brain and heart of each individual were screened through T. gondii-targeting qPCR, and positive samples were then genotyped using a set of 15 T. gondii-specific microsatellites. Prevalence data were statistically analyzed in order to assess the relative impact of individual host characteristics, spatial distribution, composition of small mammal community, and urban landscape features. An overall T. gondii molecular prevalence of 15.2% was found and seven genotypes, all belonging to the Africa 1 lineage, could be retrieved from the invasive black rat Rattus rattus and the native African giant shrew Crocidura olivieri. Statistical analyses did not suggest any significant influence of the environmental parameters used in this study. Rather, depending on the local context, T. gondii prevalence appeared to be associated either with black rat, shrew, or mouse abundance or with the trapping period. Overall, our results highlight the intricate relationships between biotic and abiotic factors involved in T. gondii epidemiology and suggest that R. rattus and C. olivieri are two competent reservoirs for the Africa 1 lineage, a widespread lineage in tropical Africa and the predominant lineage in Benin
La Gourme du cheval (étude bibliographique et épidémiologique en France)
LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
PrĂ©valence molĂ©culaire, caractĂ©risation gĂ©nĂ©tique et schĂ©mas dâinfection par Toxoplasma gondii chez les petits mammifĂšres domestiques de Cotonou, BĂ©nin
This study is part of a long-term partnership between Cotonou Autonomous Seaport, the Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, the French Institute of Research for Sustainable Development, and the Tropical Neurology Institute (Inserm U1094, IRD U270 EpiMaCT, University of Limoges). We are grateful to Ladji, Agla and Saint-Jean authorities as well as inhabitants who kindly authorized us to access their households for trapping and interview purposes. We thank the Autonomous Port of Cotonou authorities and staff who facilitated our access to their infrastructures. We also thank the CBGP Small Mammal Collection (Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, 2018, âCBGP â Small mammal Collectionâ, https://doi.org/10.15454/WWNUPO) for the conservation of samples from Benin.International audienceToxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in humans and animals, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Small mammals play a key role as intermediate reservoir hosts in the maintenance of the T. gondii life cycle. In this study, we estimated the molecular prevalence and provide genetic diversity data for T. gondii in 632 small mammals sampled in four areas of Cotonou city, Benin. Both the brain and heart of each individual were screened through T. gondii-targeting qPCR, and positive samples were then genotyped using a set of 15 T. gondii-specific microsatellites. Prevalence data were statistically analyzed in order to assess the relative impact of individual host characteristics, spatial distribution, composition of small mammal community, and urban landscape features. An overall T. gondii molecular prevalence of 15.2% was found and seven genotypes, all belonging to the Africa 1 lineage, could be retrieved from the invasive black rat Rattus rattus and the native African giant shrew Crocidura olivieri. Statistical analyses did not suggest any significant influence of the environmental parameters used in this study. Rather, depending on the local context, T. gondii prevalence appeared to be associated either with black rat, shrew, or mouse abundance or with the trapping period. Overall, our results highlight the intricate relationships between biotic and abiotic factors involved in T. gondii epidemiology and suggest that R. rattus and C. olivieri are two competent reservoirs for the Africa 1 lineage, a widespread lineage in tropical Africa and the predominant lineage in Benin.La toxoplasmose, lâune des infections parasitaires les plus rĂ©pandues chez lâhomme et les animaux, est causĂ©e par le parasite protozoaire intracellulaire Toxoplasma gondii. Les petits mammifĂšres jouent un rĂŽle clĂ© en tant quâhĂŽtes rĂ©servoirs intermĂ©diaires dans le maintien du cycle de vie de T. gondii. Dans cette Ă©tude, nous estimons sa prĂ©valence molĂ©culaire et fournissons des donnĂ©es sur sa diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique chez 632 petits mammifĂšres Ă©chantillonnĂ©s dans quatre localitĂ©s de la ville de Cotonou. Le cerveau et le cĆur de chaque individu ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par qPCR ciblant T. gondii, et les Ă©chantillons positifs ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© gĂ©notypĂ©s Ă lâaide dâun ensemble de 15 microsatellites spĂ©cifiques Ă T. gondii. Les donnĂ©es de prĂ©valence ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es statistiquement afin dâĂ©valuer lâimpact relatif des caractĂ©ristiques individuelles de lâhĂŽte, de la distribution spatiale, de la composition de la communautĂ© des petits mammifĂšres ainsi que des caractĂ©ristiques du paysage urbain. Une prĂ©valence molĂ©culaire globale de T. gondii de 15,2 % a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e et sept gĂ©notypes, tous appartenant Ă la lignĂ©e Africa 1, ont pu ĂȘtre extraits du rat noir Rattus rattus, espĂšce envahissante, et de la musaraigne Crocidura olivieri, espĂšce indigĂšne. Les analyses statistiques nâont pas suggĂ©rĂ© dâinfluence significative des paramĂštres environnementaux utilisĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude. Au contraire, selon le contexte local, la prĂ©valence de T. gondii semble ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă lâabondance de rats noirs, de musaraignes ou de souris ainsi quâĂ la pĂ©riode de piĂ©geage. Dans lâensemble, nos rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence les relations complexes entre les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques impliquĂ©s dans lâĂ©pidĂ©miologie de T. gondii et suggĂšrent que R. rattus et C. olivieri sont deux rĂ©servoirs compĂ©tents pour la lignĂ©e Africa 1, une lignĂ©e rĂ©pandue en Afrique tropicale et prĂ©dominante au BĂ©nin
PrĂ©valence molĂ©culaire, caractĂ©risation gĂ©nĂ©tique et schĂ©mas dâinfection par Toxoplasma gondii chez les petits mammifĂšres domestiques de Cotonou, BĂ©nin
This study is part of a long-term partnership between Cotonou Autonomous Seaport, the Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, the French Institute of Research for Sustainable Development, and the Tropical Neurology Institute (Inserm U1094, IRD U270 EpiMaCT, University of Limoges). We are grateful to Ladji, Agla and Saint-Jean authorities as well as inhabitants who kindly authorized us to access their households for trapping and interview purposes. We thank the Autonomous Port of Cotonou authorities and staff who facilitated our access to their infrastructures. We also thank the CBGP Small Mammal Collection (Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, 2018, âCBGP â Small mammal Collectionâ, https://doi.org/10.15454/WWNUPO) for the conservation of samples from Benin.International audienceToxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in humans and animals, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Small mammals play a key role as intermediate reservoir hosts in the maintenance of the T. gondii life cycle. In this study, we estimated the molecular prevalence and provide genetic diversity data for T. gondii in 632 small mammals sampled in four areas of Cotonou city, Benin. Both the brain and heart of each individual were screened through T. gondii-targeting qPCR, and positive samples were then genotyped using a set of 15 T. gondii-specific microsatellites. Prevalence data were statistically analyzed in order to assess the relative impact of individual host characteristics, spatial distribution, composition of small mammal community, and urban landscape features. An overall T. gondii molecular prevalence of 15.2% was found and seven genotypes, all belonging to the Africa 1 lineage, could be retrieved from the invasive black rat Rattus rattus and the native African giant shrew Crocidura olivieri. Statistical analyses did not suggest any significant influence of the environmental parameters used in this study. Rather, depending on the local context, T. gondii prevalence appeared to be associated either with black rat, shrew, or mouse abundance or with the trapping period. Overall, our results highlight the intricate relationships between biotic and abiotic factors involved in T. gondii epidemiology and suggest that R. rattus and C. olivieri are two competent reservoirs for the Africa 1 lineage, a widespread lineage in tropical Africa and the predominant lineage in Benin.La toxoplasmose, lâune des infections parasitaires les plus rĂ©pandues chez lâhomme et les animaux, est causĂ©e par le parasite protozoaire intracellulaire Toxoplasma gondii. Les petits mammifĂšres jouent un rĂŽle clĂ© en tant quâhĂŽtes rĂ©servoirs intermĂ©diaires dans le maintien du cycle de vie de T. gondii. Dans cette Ă©tude, nous estimons sa prĂ©valence molĂ©culaire et fournissons des donnĂ©es sur sa diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique chez 632 petits mammifĂšres Ă©chantillonnĂ©s dans quatre localitĂ©s de la ville de Cotonou. Le cerveau et le cĆur de chaque individu ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par qPCR ciblant T. gondii, et les Ă©chantillons positifs ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© gĂ©notypĂ©s Ă lâaide dâun ensemble de 15 microsatellites spĂ©cifiques Ă T. gondii. Les donnĂ©es de prĂ©valence ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es statistiquement afin dâĂ©valuer lâimpact relatif des caractĂ©ristiques individuelles de lâhĂŽte, de la distribution spatiale, de la composition de la communautĂ© des petits mammifĂšres ainsi que des caractĂ©ristiques du paysage urbain. Une prĂ©valence molĂ©culaire globale de T. gondii de 15,2 % a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e et sept gĂ©notypes, tous appartenant Ă la lignĂ©e Africa 1, ont pu ĂȘtre extraits du rat noir Rattus rattus, espĂšce envahissante, et de la musaraigne Crocidura olivieri, espĂšce indigĂšne. Les analyses statistiques nâont pas suggĂ©rĂ© dâinfluence significative des paramĂštres environnementaux utilisĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude. Au contraire, selon le contexte local, la prĂ©valence de T. gondii semble ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă lâabondance de rats noirs, de musaraignes ou de souris ainsi quâĂ la pĂ©riode de piĂ©geage. Dans lâensemble, nos rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence les relations complexes entre les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques impliquĂ©s dans lâĂ©pidĂ©miologie de T. gondii et suggĂšrent que R. rattus et C. olivieri sont deux rĂ©servoirs compĂ©tents pour la lignĂ©e Africa 1, une lignĂ©e rĂ©pandue en Afrique tropicale et prĂ©dominante au BĂ©nin
PrĂ©valence molĂ©culaire, caractĂ©risation gĂ©nĂ©tique et schĂ©mas dâinfection par Toxoplasma gondii chez les petits mammifĂšres domestiques de Cotonou, BĂ©nin
This study is part of a long-term partnership between Cotonou Autonomous Seaport, the Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, the French Institute of Research for Sustainable Development, and the Tropical Neurology Institute (Inserm U1094, IRD U270 EpiMaCT, University of Limoges). We are grateful to Ladji, Agla and Saint-Jean authorities as well as inhabitants who kindly authorized us to access their households for trapping and interview purposes. We thank the Autonomous Port of Cotonou authorities and staff who facilitated our access to their infrastructures. We also thank the CBGP Small Mammal Collection (Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, 2018, âCBGP â Small mammal Collectionâ, https://doi.org/10.15454/WWNUPO) for the conservation of samples from Benin.International audienceToxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in humans and animals, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Small mammals play a key role as intermediate reservoir hosts in the maintenance of the T. gondii life cycle. In this study, we estimated the molecular prevalence and provide genetic diversity data for T. gondii in 632 small mammals sampled in four areas of Cotonou city, Benin. Both the brain and heart of each individual were screened through T. gondii-targeting qPCR, and positive samples were then genotyped using a set of 15 T. gondii-specific microsatellites. Prevalence data were statistically analyzed in order to assess the relative impact of individual host characteristics, spatial distribution, composition of small mammal community, and urban landscape features. An overall T. gondii molecular prevalence of 15.2% was found and seven genotypes, all belonging to the Africa 1 lineage, could be retrieved from the invasive black rat Rattus rattus and the native African giant shrew Crocidura olivieri. Statistical analyses did not suggest any significant influence of the environmental parameters used in this study. Rather, depending on the local context, T. gondii prevalence appeared to be associated either with black rat, shrew, or mouse abundance or with the trapping period. Overall, our results highlight the intricate relationships between biotic and abiotic factors involved in T. gondii epidemiology and suggest that R. rattus and C. olivieri are two competent reservoirs for the Africa 1 lineage, a widespread lineage in tropical Africa and the predominant lineage in Benin.La toxoplasmose, lâune des infections parasitaires les plus rĂ©pandues chez lâhomme et les animaux, est causĂ©e par le parasite protozoaire intracellulaire Toxoplasma gondii. Les petits mammifĂšres jouent un rĂŽle clĂ© en tant quâhĂŽtes rĂ©servoirs intermĂ©diaires dans le maintien du cycle de vie de T. gondii. Dans cette Ă©tude, nous estimons sa prĂ©valence molĂ©culaire et fournissons des donnĂ©es sur sa diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique chez 632 petits mammifĂšres Ă©chantillonnĂ©s dans quatre localitĂ©s de la ville de Cotonou. Le cerveau et le cĆur de chaque individu ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par qPCR ciblant T. gondii, et les Ă©chantillons positifs ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© gĂ©notypĂ©s Ă lâaide dâun ensemble de 15 microsatellites spĂ©cifiques Ă T. gondii. Les donnĂ©es de prĂ©valence ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es statistiquement afin dâĂ©valuer lâimpact relatif des caractĂ©ristiques individuelles de lâhĂŽte, de la distribution spatiale, de la composition de la communautĂ© des petits mammifĂšres ainsi que des caractĂ©ristiques du paysage urbain. Une prĂ©valence molĂ©culaire globale de T. gondii de 15,2 % a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e et sept gĂ©notypes, tous appartenant Ă la lignĂ©e Africa 1, ont pu ĂȘtre extraits du rat noir Rattus rattus, espĂšce envahissante, et de la musaraigne Crocidura olivieri, espĂšce indigĂšne. Les analyses statistiques nâont pas suggĂ©rĂ© dâinfluence significative des paramĂštres environnementaux utilisĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude. Au contraire, selon le contexte local, la prĂ©valence de T. gondii semble ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă lâabondance de rats noirs, de musaraignes ou de souris ainsi quâĂ la pĂ©riode de piĂ©geage. Dans lâensemble, nos rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence les relations complexes entre les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques impliquĂ©s dans lâĂ©pidĂ©miologie de T. gondii et suggĂšrent que R. rattus et C. olivieri sont deux rĂ©servoirs compĂ©tents pour la lignĂ©e Africa 1, une lignĂ©e rĂ©pandue en Afrique tropicale et prĂ©dominante au BĂ©nin
Comparative genome analysis of Enterococcus cecorum reveals intercontinental spread of a lineage of clinical poultry isolates: Comparative genome analysis of Enterococcus cecorum
ABSTRACT Enterococcus cecorum is an emerging pathogen responsible for osteomyelitis, spondylitis, and femoral head necrosis causing animal suffering, mortality, and requiring antimicrobial use in poultry. Paradoxically, E. cecorum is a common inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota of adult chickens. Despite evidence suggesting the existence of clones with pathogenic potential, the genetic and phenotypic relatedness of disease-associated isolates remains little investigated. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes and characterized the phenotypes of more than 100 isolates, the majority of which were collected over the last ten years in 16 French broiler farms. Comparative genomics, genome-wide association study, and measured susceptibility to serum, biofilm forming capacity, and adhesion to chicken type II collagen were used to identify features associated with clinical isolates. We found that none of the tested phenotypes could discriminate origin of the isolates or phylogenetic group. Instead, we found that most clinical isolates are grouped phylogenetically and our analyses selected six genes that discriminate 94% of isolates associated with disease from those that are not. Analysis of the resistome and the mobilome revealed that multidrug-resistant clones of E. cecorum cluster in few clades and that integrative conjugative elements and genomic islands are the main carriers of antimicrobial resistance. This comprehensive genomic analysis shows that disease-associated clones of E. cecorum belong mainly to one phylogenetic clade. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus cecorum is an important pathogen in poultry worldwide. It causes a number of locomotor disorders and septicemia, particularly in fast-growing broilers. Animal suffering, antimicrobial use, and associated economic losses require a better understanding of disease-associated E. cecorum isolates. To address this need, we performed whole genome sequencing and analysis of a large collection of isolates responsible for outbreaks in France. By providing the first dataset on the genetic diversity and resistome of E. cecorum strains circulating in France, we pinpoint an epidemic lineage probably also circulating elsewhere and which should be targeted preferentially by preventive strategies in order to reduce the burden of E. cecorum -related diseases
Comparative Genome Analysis of Enterococcus cecorum Reveals Intercontinental Spread of a Lineage of Clinical Poultry Isolates
International audienceEnterococcus cecorum is an emerging pathogen responsible for osteomyelitis, spondylitis, and femoral head necrosis causing animal suffering and mortality and requiring antimicrobial use in poultry. Paradoxically, E. cecorum is a common inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota of adult chickens. Despite evidence suggesting the existence of clones with pathogenic potential, the genetic and phenotypic relatedness of diseaseassociated isolates remains little investigated. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes and characterized the phenotypes of more than 100 isolates, the majority of which were collected over the last 10 years from 16 French broiler farms. Comparative genomics, genome-wide association studies, and the measured susceptibility to serum, biofilm-forming capacity, and adhesion to chicken type II collagen were used to identify features associated with clinical isolates. We found that none of the tested phenotypes could discriminate the origin of the isolates or the phylogenetic group. Instead, we found that most clinical isolates are grouped phylogenetically, and our analyses selected six genes that discriminate 94% of isolates associated with disease from those that are not. Analysis of the resistome and the mobilome revealed that multidrug-resistant clones of E. cecorum cluster into a few clades and that integrative conjugative elements and genomic islands are the main carriers of antimicrobial resistance. This comprehensive genomic analysis shows that disease-associated clones of E. cecorum belong mainly to one phylogenetic clade. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus cecorum is an important pathogen of poultry worldwide. It causes a number of locomotor disorders and septicemia, particularly in fast-growing broilers. Animal suffering, antimicrobial use, and associated economic losses require a better understanding of disease-associated E. cecorum isolates. To address this need, we performed whole-genome sequencing and analysis of a large collection of isolates responsible for outbreaks in France. By providing the first data set on the genetic diversity and resistome of E. cecorum strains circulating in France, we pinpoint an epidemic lineage that is probably also circulating elsewhere that should be targeted preferentially by preventive strategies in order to reduce the burden of E. cecorum-related diseases