Teknik Isolasi Dan Kultur Protoplas Tanaman Padi

Protoplastfusion or somatic hybridization technology is an alternativetechnology for production hybrids of plants that are difficultto be produced by conventional methods due to their sexualincompatibility. An experiment was conducted to developtechniques for isolation, purification, and culture of riceprotoplasts of cultivar IR64 and a wild rice species (Oryzaofficinalis). Optimization of protoplast isolation and purificationmethods from both rice genotypes were successfullydone. The highest protoplast density was obtained bydigesting embryonic callus or stems of young seedling in anenzyme solution containing of 2% cellulose, 0.1% pectolyase,0.5% macerozyme, 0.5% driselase, 5 mM ES, and 13% mannitolin CPW solution. The protoplast digestion was done forthree hours by soaking in the enzyme solution followed byshaking at 50 rpm under a room temperature. Purification ofthe protoplasts were done by separating them from plantdebris using a 25% sucrose solution. Protoplast regenerationwas not successful using although different media compositionsand conditions. Growth process from cell division tocell aggregate was only successful on IR64 protoplast cultureon a medium that contained AgNO3

Peningkatan Ketahanan Tanaman Pisang Kepok Kuning terhadap Penyakit Darah melalui Variasi Somaklonal dan Simbiosis Endofitik

One of the obstacles that was encountered in the banana cultivation is blood disease. Blood diseases is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that is subsequently revised to become blood disease bacteria (BDB). Until now the control of banana blood disease is very difficult. Control of banana blood disease with chemical injections and soil treatment is not effective. This study was aimed to obtain Kepok Kuning cultivar banana seedlings which was resistant towards blood disease obtained from in vitro selection by using BDB growing filtrate and induced resistance by inoculation of antagonistic endophytic bacteria.The observation of Kepok Kuning banana explants treated with various concentrations of BDB growing filtrate showed that the percentage of living explants decreased to 83.33% when the BDB growing filtrate concentration increased to 15%. Treatment of banana explants with BDB growing filtrate also affected the number of roots, shoots, and leaves. Treatment with a single antagonistic endophytic bacteria suppressed the intensity of banana blood disease to 0% in comparison with the mixture of antagonistic endophytic bacteria if Kepok Kuning banana explants were not treated with BDB growing filtrate. When Kepok Kuning banana explants were treated with BDB growing filtrate, the intensity of banana blood disease suppressed to 0% after the high concentration of BDB growing filtrate and the antagonistic endophytic bacteria mixture were applied. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam USAha budidaya pisang adalah adanya penyakit darah. Penyakit darah disebabkan oleh bakteri Ralstonia solanacearumyang selanjutnya direvisimenjadi bakteri darah pisang (Blood Disease Bacteria orBDB). Sampai saat ini pengendalian penyakit darah pisang sangatsukar dilakukan. Pengendalian penyakit darah dengan suntikan bahan kimia dan perlakuan tanah tidak efektif untuk diaplikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendapatkan bibit pisang kultivar Kepok Kuning yang tahan penyakit darah yang diperoleh dariseleksi in vitro dengan menggunakan filtrat pertumbuhan BDB dan induksi ketahanan melalui inokulasi jasad renik endofitik yang bersifat antagonis. Hasil pengamatan terhadap eksplan pisang Kepok Kuning yang diperlakukan dengan berbagai konsentrasi filtrat BDB menunjukkan bahwa pada eksplan yang diperlakukan dengan filtrat pertumbuhan BDB, persentase tumbuhnya akan berkurang hingga 83,33% jika konsentrasifiltrat pertumbuhanBDBmencapai 15%. Selain itu perlakuan planlet pisang dengan filtrat pertumbuhan BDB akan mempengaruhi jumlah akar, tunas, dan daun. Perlakuan dengan jasad renik endofitik antagonis secara tunggal mampu menekan intensitas penyakit darah hingga 0% jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan campuran apabila sebelumnya eksplan pisang Kepok Kuning tidak diperlakukan dengan filtrat pertumbuhan BDB. Apabila sebelumnya planlet pisangKepokKuning diperlakukan dengan filtrat pertumbuhan BDB maka mampu menekan intensitas penyakit darah hingga 0% jika konsentrasi filtrat pertumbuhanBDBsemakin tinggi dan diperlakuan campuran jasad renik endofitik

Confirmation of Alleles Inheritance in F1 Progenies Derived from a Cross of Calcutta-4 (Musa acuminata ssp. burmannicoides) and Musa acuminata ssp. microcarpa Based on SSR Markers

Banana breeding to produce improved varieties with disease resistance haracters and other desired traits could sustain its yield. Alleles harbored by parents could be passed on to the offsprings through hybridization, but need to be confirmed using molecular markers. This study aimed to confirm allele inheritance in F1 progenies derived from a cross of Calcutta-4 (Musa acuminata ssp.  burmannicoides) and M. acuminata ssp. microcarpa based on SSR markers. Eleven pairs of SSR primers were used to amplify DNA of 44 progenies using the PCR technique. The results showed that six SSR markers (MaSSR 1.1, MaSSR5.1, MaSSR 6.1, MaSSR 7.1, MaSSR 8.1, and MaSSR 11.1) were polymorphic in both parents. Four markers (MaSSR 1.1, MaSSR 5.1, MaSSR 6.1, and MaSSR 8.1) had PIC >0.7, indicating their informativeness to distinguish these progenies and other genetic studies of banana germplasms. A total of 44 F1 individuals were confirmed to harbor alleles inherited from their parents,suggesting as true progenies from the cross of Calcutta-4 and M. acuminata ssp. microcarpa. This population demonstrated 100% success of hybridization performed. Chi-Square analysis revealed that segregation of all markers did not match to Mendelian ratio 1:2:1, except for MaSSR 1.1 (x2 = 5,62) and MaSSR 6.1 (x2 = 3,77) markers. The genetic traceability of banana F1 progenies demonstrating the usefulness and feasibility of SSR markers in this study provided information on selection of true progenies which may be valuable for breeders to assist selection process in future banana breeding program in Indonesia

Variabilitas Karakter Kualitatif Umbi pada Plasma Nutfah Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas) Lokal Asal Papua, Koleksi Bank Gen Pertanian Balitbangtan-BB Biogen

Sebanyak 25% ubi jalar yang dikoleksi di Bank Gen Pertanian Balitbangtan-BB Biogen berasal dari Papua. Informasi karakter kualitatif umbi ini sangat penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman karakter umbi ubi jalar asal Papua. Materi yang digunakan adalah 349 aksesi yang berasal dari Papua yang ditanam secara terus menerus di Kebun Percobaan Cikeumeuh, Bogor. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap tahun sejak 2013 sampai dengan 2016. Karakter umbi yang diamati meliputi: bentuk umbi, tebal korteks, warna predominan kulit umbi, intensitas warna predominan kulit umbi, warna predominan daging umbi, formasi umbi, dan kadar bahan kering umbi. Terdapat keragaman pada karakter umbi lokal asal Papua yang diamati. Warna kuning dan krem mendominasi warna daging umbi, sedangkan untuk warna kulitnya cenderung tersebar merata antar variasi warna yang teramati, hanya warna kulit kuning yang tidak ada. Formasi umbi yang tersebar juga berjumlah paling banyak dibanding dengan variasi formasi umbi lainnya. Kadar bahan kering umbi asal Papua rata-rata memiliki kandungan yang tinggi (>30%)