Metamorphosis:

In 1990 the then Minister for Culture, Hedy d’Ancona, issued the Delta Plan for Cultural Preservation: a large-scale and national program to thoroughly improve collection storage conditions in Dutch museums. This signalled the start of a transformation of the Dutch museum.he reason for this radical transformation of Dutch museums was the pending privatization of the country’s national museums. From the beginning of the 1990s, national museums had to stand on their own feet. That gave the museum visitor a new position: the museums were forced to engage the public and did so with conviction. This new approach bore fruit: the public has been flocking to museums in increasing numbers and by doing so, have further transformed the Dutch museum. Museums want to open up their collections to everyone while protecting these collections as well as possible. To align these ambitions Dutch museums have engaged in an unprecedented construction boom. The desire to be able to study the results of those building activities brought the TUDelft to approach the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) to undertake a joint investigation into the transformation of museums in the Netherlands since 1990 together. This study shows that much has been achieved to realize the two ambitions of better collection management and increased visitor numbers. The RCE continues to endeavour to further align those two conflicting ambitions, which is why we develop and disseminate knowledge about the safety of heritage including researching climate control possibilities for collection storage and display. In her policy letter Heritage Counts (2018–2021), Minister Van Engelshoven (Education, Culture and Science) opted to further both ambitions: conservation of, and employing the unifying power of heritage. Museums particularly embody the contradiction between preservation and accessibility. They exist to preserve valuable and often vulnerable objects of art, history, science and daily life. But they are also there to make us take ownership of those objects.  The challenge for museums is to find the best relationship between their need to ensure the safety of their top pieces and prevent any risk of damage. At the same time, they want to be hospitable and open to everyone who wishes to enjoy their collection. An object has to be preserved for many generations and the current generation must be able to become acquainted with and enjoy it in large numbers. In other words: the museum must be comfortable for both visitors and collection, now and in the future. The RCE and the TU Delft Section for Heritage & Architecture often collaborate. This time we found common ground in research into the transformation of museums. Architects and museum managers are constantly faced with the task of realizing this transformation as fittingly as possible. Their mutual communication and coordination is crucial. This study hopes to contribute to that. The cooperation of the museums investigated has been of great importance in this regard. By making data available and sharing insights and experiences, they have made it possible to investigate the transformation on museums in the Netherlands. The result presents a fascinating picture of the metamorphosis of Dutch museums

Mapping landscape attractiveness: A GIS-based landscape appreciation model for the Dutch countryside

Offering people scenic beauty is one of the most frequently mentioned landscape services. In the Netherlands it also has become an explicit policy goal: “we want a beautiful country to live and work in”. However, instruments to help policy makers and spatial planners to implement this relatively new goal are largely lacking. Where do people like the landscape in their living environment and where do they not? And which physical characteristics influence this appreciation and to what extent? To provide such information in a cost-efficient way, a model was developed to map, monitor, and simulate precisely this: the GIS-based Landscape Appreciation Model (GLAM). The model predicts the attractiveness of the landscape based solely on nationally available GIS-data on its physical aspects for each 250 x 250 metre cell. The model was calibrated using attractiveness ratings from a national survey among residents. The final model was evaluated using data from another Dutch survey of landscape appreciation among residents living in the vicinity of 52 areas that landscape experts considered being of high quality. In this article, we describe the theoretical background to GLAM, the attributes in the current version of the model, the final steps in calibrating the model, as well as its validation. We conclude with a discussion on the usefulness of GLAM for spatial policy

Mise en place d'un modèle de zone cohésive à base physique dans un bicristal de gamma-TiAl

Titre du résumé joint : Étude numérique par éléments cohésifs et remaillage de la compétition entre la rupture intragranulaire et intergranulaire dans un bicristal de TiAlNational audienceCes travaux proposent d'étudier numériquement l'effet d'une fissure intragranulaire modélisée par des éléments cohésifs dans un bicristal de γ-TiAl. Les effets de la fissure, insérée dans le premier grain, sont étudiés dans le second grain à la suite d'un calcul de traction monotone en plasticité cristalline. Des critères de fissuration intragranulaire fonction de la déformation plastique équivalente induite par les macles sont étudiés afin de prédire la rupture du bicristal. L'état de contrainte normal au joint de grains est ensuite examiné afin d'évaluer la compétition entre la rupture intergranulaire et intragranulaire.See http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/59/29/23/ANNEX/r_7L09K124.pd

Effect of interfacial oxidation occurring during the duplex process combining surface nanocrystallisation and co-rolling

International audienceThis paper presents an investigation of the interface quality of nanocristallised 316L stainless steel multilayer structures. They were produced by a duplex process, combining the Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) and the co-rolling process at two different annealing temperatures (550°C and 650°C). Oxide layers were observed at the interfaces between the sheets and their morphology was characterised by optical microscopy. Their chemical composition was determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The microstructure near the interfaces was analysed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In the laminate co-rolled at 550°C, the presence of ultrafine grains was demonstrated. Additional tensile tests have shown an influence of the annealing temperature on the yield strength, as well as on the resistance of the interfaces of the co-rolled multilayer structures

Combination of surface nanocrystallization and co-rolling: creating multilayer nanocrystalline composites

International audienceThis paper presents a combination of the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) and the corolling process performed at 550 °C. This duplex method leads to the formation of a semi-massive multilayer structure of alternating nanocrystalline layers, transition layers and coarse grain layers. Transmission electron microscope observations correlated with nanoindentation hardness measurements demonstrated that grain size in the nano- and sub-nanocrystalline layers is preserved after the process. Tensile tests showed improved yield and ultimate strengths, and acceptable ductility

High Strength Nanocrystallized Multilayered Structure Obtained by Smat and Co-rolling

International audienceIn the present study, a method is presented combining surface nanocrystalline treatment (SMAT) and the co-rolling process. The aim of this duplex treatment is the development of a 316L stainless steel semi-massive multilayered bulk structure with improved yield and ultimate tensile strengths, while conserving an acceptable elongation to failure by optimizing the volume fraction and distribution of the nano-grains in the laminate. To characterize this composite structure, tensile tests as well as sharp nanoindentation tests were carried out to follow the local hardness evolution through the cross-section of the laminate. Furthermore, transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations were carried out to determine the correlation between the microstructure, the local hardness and the mechanical response of the structure