Application of CO2 laser evaporation in locally advanced melanoma

Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of CO(2)laser evaporation in the treatment of melanoma patients with satellite or in-transit metastases. Materials & methods: Patients who underwent CO2 laser evaporation were retrospectively included between November 2002 and August 2018. The Sharplan 40C CO2 laser was used with a high pulse wave mode. Data concerning patient and tumor characteristics, CO2 laser evaporation and subsequent therapies were collected. Results:A total of 26patients were included. Median duration of local control was 5.5 months. The median number of lesions evaporated per treatment was three (1-16); patients received a median of three (1-19) treatments. Conclusion: In a selected group of melanoma patients with satellite or in-transit metastases, CO2 laser evaporation should be considered as treatment for local control

Prognostic factors associated with a restricted mouth opening (trismus) in patients with head and neck cancer:Systematic review

BACKGROUND: To prescribe early trismus therapy, prognostic factors influencing the restricted mouth opening should be identified first. Our aim is to present an overview of these factors in patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched using terms related to head and neck cancer and mouth opening. Risk of bias was assessed using the "Quality in Prognosis Studies" tool. A best evidence synthesis was performed. RESULTS: Of the identified 1418 studies, 53 were included. Three studies contained a prognostic multivariate model for a restricted mouth opening. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with head and neck cancer will most likely develop a restricted mouth opening when they have a large tumor near the masticatory muscles that requires extensive cancer treatment. A restricted mouth opening most likely occurs within 6 months after cancer treatment. Further research is necessary on factors related to healing tendency or pain intensity

Understanding behavioral mechanisms for physical activity in head and neck cancer patients: a qualitative study

Rationale: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients often have adverse changes in body composition. Loss of muscle mass and strength frequently occur, even when dietary intake is adequate. Nascent evidence suggests that a healthy lifestyle, including adequate physical activity (PA) and diet, may prevent muscle wasting. HNC patients often show suboptimal health behavior pre-diagnosis, and additional barriers to PA can arise from cancer treatment. Better understanding of the behavioral mechanisms of PA in this mostly sedentary group is needed to design effective individualized PA-supporting interventions. This qualitative study explored the perspective of HNC patients on PA. Methods: We conducted 9 semi-structured interviews in HNC patients, 6-8 weeks after treatment (surgery +/-(chemo)radiation). The interviews were guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) key concepts, including: attitude; social norm (with emphasis on role of healthcare professionals); self-efficacy; intention; barriers/facilitators, knowledge/skills; and current PA behaviour. Interviews were analysed by directed content analysis. Results: Important themes identified for PA were: physical barriers, health as stimulus, role of habits, and lack of interest. While all themes could be fitted within the key concepts of TBP, there was little interaction between intention and other concepts. In fact, PA intention was not an explicit consideration for most patients. Conclusion: HNC patients perceived physical barriers, health, habits, and lack of interest as important themes with regard to PA. Our tentative results suggest that the TPB may not be the most appropriate model for explaining PA in HNC patients. For future research aiming to understand PA in HNC patients, theories less focused on rational reasoning and more on autonomy, such as Self Determination Theory, may be better suited

The use of stretching devices for treatment of trismus in head and neck cancer patients:a randomized controlled trial

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of two stretching devices, the TheraBite® Jaw Motion Rehabilitation System™ and the Dynasplint Trismus System®, on maximal mouth opening in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to one of two exercise groups: the TheraBite® Jaw Motion Rehabilitation System™ group or the Dynasplint Trismus System® group. Patients performed stretching exercises for 3 months. During the three study visits, maximal mouth opening was measured and the patients completed questionnaires on mandibular function and quality of life. RESULTS: In our study population (n = 27), five patients did not start the exercise protocol, eight patients discontinued exercises, and two patients were lost to follow-up. No significant differences regarding the change in mouth opening between the two devices were found. Patients had an increase in MMO of 3.0 mm (IQR - 2.0; 4.0) using the TheraBite® Jaw Motion Rehabilitation System™ and 1.5 mm (IQR 1.0; 3.0) using the Dynasplint Trismus System®. Exercising with either stretching device was challenging for the patients due to the intensive exercise protocol, pain during the exercises, fitting problems with the stretching device, and overall deterioration of their medical condition. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of the two stretching devices did not differ significantly in our study population. The factors described, influencing the progression of stretching exercises, need to be taken into account when prescribing a similar stretching regimen for trismus in head and neck cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR - Dutch Trial Register number: 5589

Criterion for trismus in head and neck cancer patients:a verification study

Several cut-off points for trismus in head and neck cancer patients have been used. A mouth opening of 35 mm or less is most frequently used as cut-off point. Due to the variation in cut-off points, prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of trismus cannot be studied in a uniform manner. To provide uniformity, we aimed to verify the cut-off point of 35 mm or less. Additionally, we aimed to determine associated covariates with reported difficulties when opening the mouth

Dynasplint Trismus System exercises for trismus secondary to head and neck cancer:a prospective explorative study

The Dynasplint Trismus System (DTS) can be used to treat trismus secondary to head and neck cancer. We conducted a prospective study with the following aims: (1) to determine the effects of DTS exercises on changes in mouth opening, pain, mandibular function, quality of life (QoL), and symptomatology and (2) to analyze the patients' perception on DTS exercises, including user satisfaction, experiences, comfort, and compliance. The patients were instructed to exercise with the DTS for at least 16 weeks. Changes in mouth opening, pain, mandibular function, QoL, and symptomatology were evaluated, as well as the patients' perception of DTS exercises. Eighteen consecutive patients were included. Baseline mouth opening was 22.6 mm (sd 7.6). After the patients completed the DTS exercise program, mouth opening increased (7.1 mm, sd 4.7) and perceived difficulty of opening the mouth improved significantly (p <0.05). No significant effects were found in mandibular function, QoL, and overall symptomatology. The patients' perception was diverse. They reported effectiveness and positive feelings of the results and would recommend DTS exercises to other patients. About half of them thought DTS exercises were burdensome. Mouth opening increased significantly after the DTS exercise program, relative to baseline. About one third of the gained increase was lost in the follow-up period. In general, the patients were satisfied about the effects and the DTS exercise program

Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Coil Treatment for Severe Emphysema:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

BACKGROUND: Lung volume reduction coil (LVR-coil) treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment option for severe emphysema patients which has been studied in multiple clinical trials. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of LVR-coil treatment on pulmonary function, quality of life, and exercise capacity using individual participant data. METHOD: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched until May 17, 2021. Prospective single-arm and randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of LVR-coil treatment on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), residual volume (RV), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score, and/or 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and were registered in an official clinical trial database were eligible for inclusion. Individual patient data were requested, and a linear mixed effects model was used to calculate overall treatment effects. RESULTS: Eight trials were included in the final analysis, representing 680 individual patients. LVR-coil treatment resulted in a significant improvement in FEV1 at 3- (0.09 L [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.06-0.12]) and 6-month follow-up (0.07 L [95% CI: 0.03-0.10]), a significant reduction in RV at 3- (-0.45L [95% CI: -0.62 to -0.28]), 6- (-0.33L [95% CI: -0.52 to -0.14]), and 12-month follow-up (-0.36L [95% CI: -0.64 to -0.08]), a significant reduction in SGRQ total score at 3- (-12.3 points [95% CI: -15.8 to -8.8]), 6- (-10.1 points [95% CI: -12.8 to -7.3]), and 12-month follow-up (-9.8 points [95% CI: -15.0 to -4.7]) and a significant increase in 6MWD at 3-month follow-up (38 m [95% CI: 18-58]). CONCLUSIONS: LVR-coil treatment in emphysema patients results in sustained improvements in pulmonary function and quality of life and shorter lived improvements in exercise capacity. Since the owner of this LVR-coil has decided to stop the production and newer generations LVR-coils are currently being developed, these results can act as a reference for future studies and clinical guidance

Dietary resilience in patients with severe COPD at the start of a pulmonary rehabilitation program

Background: COPD may impact food-related activities, such as grocery shopping, cooking, and eating. Decreased food intake may result in an unhealthy diet, and in malnutrition, which is highly prevalent in patients with COPD. Malnutrition is known to negatively impact clinical outcome and quality of life. Aims: In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore strategies used to overcome food-related challenges, ie, dietary resilience, and whether these led to a healthy diet. Furthermore, we aimed to identify the key themes of motivation for dietary resilience in patients with severe COPD. Methods: In October 2015 to April 2016, 12 patients with severe COPD starting a pulmonary rehabilitation program were interviewed. Qualitative description and thematic analysis were performed. Results: All participants mentioned the use of strategies to overcome challenges. Key themes of motivation for dietary resilience were identified as "wanting to be as healthy as possible", "staying independent", and "promoting a sense of continuity and duty". Two out of 12 participants met the criteria for a healthy diet. Conclusion: Our study showed a variety of motivational factors and strategies reported by patients with severe COPD to overcome food-related challenges. However, the majority (n=10) of the participants did not meet the criteria for a healthy diet. The identified key themes can be used to develop education to support patients with severe COPD to improve their diet

Cortactin expression assessment improves patient selection for a watchful waiting strategy in pT1cN0-staged oral squamous cell carcinomas with a tumor infiltration depth below 4 mm

BACKGROUND: In this feasibility study we aimed to evaluate the value of previously reported molecular tumor biomarkers associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to optimize neck strategy selection criteria. METHODS: The association between expression of cortactin, cyclin D1, FADD, RAB25, and S100A9 and sentinel lymph node status was evaluated in a series of 87 (cT1‐2N0) patients with OSCC treated with primary resection and SLNB procedure. RESULTS: Tumor infiltration depth and tumor pattern of invasion were independent prognostic markers for SLN status, while none of the tumor makers showed a better prognostic value to replace SLNB as neck staging technique in the total cohort. However, in the subgroup of patients with pT1N0 OSCC, cortactin expression (OR 16.0, 95%CI 2.0–127.9) was associated with SLN classification. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of cortactin is a promising immunohistochemical tumor marker to identify patients at low risk that may not benefit from SLNB or END