Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Psikososial dan Insomnia terhadap Depresi pada Lansia di Kota Yogyakarta

Background: Even though depression among elderly is a common psychosociogeriatric problems, it needs to be taken seriously from the public health point of view. Many factors contributed to depression, among which are psychosocial factors (i.e. age, educational level, marital status, stressor, religious level, and social support) and physical and psychological problems.Objectives: The study was aimed to observe the influence of psychosocial factors (psychosocial stressor, social support, and religious level) and insomnia toward depression among elderly in Yogyakarta City.Material and Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted among elderly in Yogyakarta City. Instrument used in the study included: the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Psychosocial Stressor Study Instrument (IPSP), the Social Support questionnaire, the Mini Mental State Examination for cognitive screening; the KSPBJ InsomniaRating Scale; and praying instrument from KPDRY. Univariate analysis and multivariate stepwise logistic regression were used for this study.Results: A total of 128 elderly people were recruited into this study.  Mean age of respondent was 70.23 years (range: 60-88 years), with 32.8% respondents were male. Significant risk factors for depression included sex (p<0.05), age (p<0.05), education level (p=0.001), psychosocial stressor (p<0.001), religiousity level (p=0.001), insomnia (p<0.001), and social support (p<0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression, social support was identified as a significant factor with ap<0.001 and r2 of 61.9%.Conclusions: Social support is amongst the most important factors of depression among elderly in Yogyakarta CityKeywords: psychosocial factors, insomnia, depression, elderly peopl

Impulsivity and novel object recognition test of rat model for vascular cognitive impairment after antipsychotics treatment

ABSTRACTVascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common condition in which no standard treatment has been approved. VCI is often accompanied by behavioral problems which require psychiatric interventions. The common therapeutic agent used for the acute management is antipsychotic injections. Current findings showed that atypical antipsychotic possess better safety profile for treating behavioral problems related to VCI compared to typical antipsychotic. In this study, we induced VCI in Sprague Dawley rats between 6-8 weeks old using bilateral carotid communist artery occlusion technique. The subjects were divided into 4 treatment groups: sham, olanzapine, haloperidol, and risperidone groups. Subjects received intramuscular injections of subsequent drugs for 3 days post VCI induction. Impulsive behavior and object recognition were examined using cliff jumping test and novel object recognition test. The analyses results showed that impulsive behavior was lower in the olanzapine and haloperidol groups compared to sham group, although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.651). The results also showed that there were no significant differences in the time spent exploring old and novel objects in all groups (p = 0.945;0.637 respectively). In conclusion, antipsychotic injection might not be effective to control impulsive behavior post VCI induction

Impulsivity and novel object recognition test of rat model for vascular cognitive impairment after antipsychotics treatment

ABSTRACT Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common condition in which no standard treatment has been approved. VCI is often accompanied by behavioral problems which require psychiatric interventions. The common therapeutic agent used for the acute management is antipsychotic injections. Current findings showed that atypical antipsychotic possess better safety profile for treating behavioral problems related to VCI compared to typical antipsychotic. In this study, we induced VCI in Sprague Dawley rats between 6-8 weeks old using bilateral carotid communist artery occlusion technique. The subjects were divided into 4 treatment groups: sham, olanzapine, haloperidol, and risperidone groups. Subjects received intramuscular injections of subsequent drugs for 3 days post VCI induction. Impulsive behavior and object recognition were examined using cliff jumping test and novel object recognition test. The analyses results showed that impulsive behavior was lower in the olanzapine and haloperidol groups compared to sham group, although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.651). The results also showed that there were no significant differences in the time spent exploring old and novel objects in all groups (p = 0.945;0.637 respectively). In conclusion, antipsychotic injection might not be effective to control impulsive behavior post VCI induction