The Effect of Acceleration on Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Discrete Modulation

The influence of gravity on quantum key distribution cannot be ignored in practical space communication, and this paper provides a thorough analysis of the effectiveness of discrete modulated states. By calculating the acceleration in both inertial and non-inertial reference systems with expectation values of the computational Heisenberg field respectively, the gain coefficient is obtained. Based on this parameter, an improved protocol with a high key rate over a transmission distance of 390 km is proposed, enabling the practical application of quantum key distribution techniques. Furthermore, the results obtained can be extended to the eight-state schemes. This paper not only extends the range of discrete modulation states, but also enhances the impact of relativistic quantum information

Novel TiO₂/PEGDA Hybrid Hydrogel Prepared in Situ on Tumor Cells for Effective Photodynamic Therapy

A novel inorganic/organic hybrid hydrogel system containing titanium dioxide (TiO₂)/poly­(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) was prepared by in situ photopolymerization on tumor cells for photodynamic therapy (PDT). TiO₂ nanorods with diameter of ∼5 nm and length of ∼25 nm in this system presented dual functions, as effective photosensitizers for PDT and initiators for causing the in situ formation of hydrogel, under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The hybrid hydrogel retained the TiO₂ around tumor cell to form a drug-loaded hydrogel shell. This resulted in a high concentration of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) under NIR irradiation, which induced apoptosis of tumor cell. Also, the hydrogel could reduce the side effects by preventing TiO₂ from migrating to normal tissue. Furthermore, the TiO₂ nanorods in this hydrogel shell were photochemically recyclable and could be reused in regular treatment. The outcomes of this study provide a new way to exploit multifunction of inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials for a variety of biomedical applications