Significant prolongation of allograft survival by the combination therapy of anti-TCRβ and anti-LFA1 mAbs.

<p>The plot shows the percent survival of BALB/c skin grafts transplanted onto C57BL/6 recipients either left untreated (solid line) or treated with anti-LFA1 mAb (dotted line), anti-TCRβ mAb (dashed line), or a combination of the two (dashed-dotted line). Numbers indicate the mean survival time of the six mice in each of the treatment groups plus or minus the standard deviation (* indicates <i>p</i><0.01 compared to all other groups).</p

The combination of anti-TCRβ mAb with anti-LFA1 mAb inhibits T cell responses in vitro.

<p>(<b>A)</b> (<b>i</b>) CFSE dilution analysis of labeled OT-II cells cultured with no stimulation (gray shaded histogram), with 5 µg/mL of the indicated mAbs alone (left column; overlay solid black line histograms), or with 5 µg/mL of OVA_323–339 alone or in the presence of 5 µg/mL of the indicated mAbs (right column; overlay solid black line histograms). (<b>ii</b>) Bar graphs show the percentage of dividing cells within the OT-II cell cultures. Each bar represents the mean ± standard deviation of three replicate wells that are representative of two independent experiments (* indicates <i>p</i><0.005 compared to OVA). (<b>B</b>) (<b>i</b>) CFSE dilution analysis of labeled OT-I cells cultured with no stimulation (gray shaded histogram), with 5 µg/mL of the indicated mAbs alone (left column; overlay solid black line histograms), or with 5 µg/mL of OVA_257–264 alone or in the presence of 5 µg/mL of the indicated mAbs (right column; overlay solid black line histograms). (<b>ii</b>) Bar graphs show the percentage of dividing cells within the OT-I cell cultures. Each bar represents the mean ± standard deviation of three replicate wells that are representative of two independent experiments (* indicates <i>p</i><0.005 compared to OVA).</p

A combination of anti-TCRβ mAb and anti-LFA1 mAb inhibits an antigen-specific T cell response invivo.

<p>(<b>A</b>) A total of 1×10⁶ CFSE labeled splenocytes from a Rag1^−/−OT-II mouse were adoptively transferred into C57BL/6 recipients. The recipients were provided with 5 µg OVA_323–339 to stimulate the OT-II cells (except the No Stimulation group). Histograms show the CFSE⁺ population from 1×10⁶ total events collected from the spleens of recipients who received either (<b>i</b>) no treatment (No Treat), (<b>ii</b>) 5 µg IL2 and 25 µg anti-IL2 mAb complex treatment (IL2Cx), (<b>iii</b>) 250 µg CTLA4Ig, <b>(</b>i<b>v</b>) 20 µg anti-LFA1 mAb (Anti-LFA), (<b>v</b>) 20 µg anti-TCRβ mAb (Anti-TCR), (<b>vi</b>) no stimulation, or (<b>vii–x</b>) combinations of the above listed treatments as indicated. Each panel is a representative histogram from one of at least three recipients per treatment group. (<b>B</b>) Histograms from select groups in A were analyzed using FlowJo Software’s proliferation tool to calculate the division index, which is plotted in the bar graphs for each of the indicated treatment groups. Each bar represents the mean ± standard deviation obtained from three recipients (* indicates <i>p</i><0.05). (<b>C</b>) Bar graphs show the total CD4⁺ T cell numbers in spleens (left column), OT-II cell numbers in spleens (middle column), and Treg percentage within the CD4⁺ T cell population in lymph nodes (right column) from the adoptive transfer recipients described above. Each bar represents the mean ± standard deviation obtained from three mice (solid black bars labeled NT represent recipients receiving no treatment while patterned bars represent recipients who received the indicated treatments; * indicates <i>p</i><0.05).</p

Additional file 1 of The early outcomes of candidates with portopulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation

: Table S1. Newcastle - Ottwa Quality Assessment Scale. (DOCX 14 kb

Summary of findings.

<p>Summary of findings.</p

DGF rates for DCD kidneys preserved by MP versus CS.

<p>Pooled estimate of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of DGF rates for DCD kidneys preserved by MP on 5 studies. Squares indicate OR in each study. The square size is proportional to the weight of the corresponding study; the length of horizontal lines represents the 95% CI. The rhombus indicates the pooled OR and 95% CI (fixed-effect model).</p

Forest plot comparing the risk of AR between the SAW and SB groups of paediatric renal allograft recipients.

<p>A. No stratification; B. comparison at 1 year and over 1 year post-withdrawal; C. stratified by the time of initiation of steroid withdrawal. Abbreviations: AR, acute rejection; SAW, steroid avoidance or withdrawal; SB, steroid-based; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel; CI, confidence interval. Produced by RevMan Version 5.2.</p

Forest plot comparing the risk of adverse events between the SAW and SB groups of paediatric renal allograft recipients.

<p>A. Hypertension, NODAT, infection and CMV infection (fixed effects model, Mantel-Haenszel method); B. delayed graft function and anaemia (random effects model, Mantel-Haenszel method). *Comparison of the risk of at least one type of infection. Abbreviations: NODAT, new-onset diabetes after transplant; CMV, cytomegalovirus; SAW, steroid avoidance or withdrawal; SB, steroid-based; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel; CI, confidence interval. Produced by RevMan Version 5.2.</p

Flow chart showing the sources and identification of the included studies.

<p>Abbreviations: RCT, randomised controlled trial; SAW, steroid avoidance or withdrawal.</p

Characteristics of the included studies.

<p>Characteristics of the included studies.</p