4-(2-Chloro­anilino)-3-phenyl­furan-2(5H)-one

The title compound, C16H12ClNO2, featuring a furan-2(5H)-one (γ-butyrolactone) core, contains two mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, with different dihedral angles between the central ring and the pendant phenyl and chloro­benzene rings [43.33 (8) and 20.16 (8)°, respectively, for A, and 47.79 (8) and 13.87 (8)°, respectively, for B]. In the crystal, the A mol­ecules are linked into [001] chains by single C—H⋯O inter­actions. The B mol­ecules also form [001] chains, but their relative orientations in the chains are quite different to those of the A mol­ecules so that adjacent B mol­ecules are linked by two C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Finally, C—H⋯O inter­actions and aromatic π–π stacking contacts [centroid–centroid separations = 3.754 (1) and 3.817 (1) Å] link the chains into a two-dimensional array parallel to (010)

Bis[(1-methyl-1H-tetra­zol-5-yl)sulfan­yl]ethane

The title compound, C6H10N8S2, was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 5-mercapto-1-methyl­tetra­zole and dichloro­ethane. In the crystal, the mol­ecule possesses an approximate non-crystallographic twofold symmetry axis. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.448 (6), 3.5085 (5) and 3.4591 (2) Å]. The two five-membered rings form a dihedral angle of 1.9 (2)°

RocketQAv2: A Joint Training Method for Dense Passage Retrieval and Passage Re-ranking

In various natural language processing tasks, passage retrieval and passage re-ranking are two key procedures in finding and ranking relevant information. Since both the two procedures contribute to the final performance, it is important to jointly optimize them in order to achieve mutual improvement. In this paper, we propose a novel joint training approach for dense passage retrieval and passage re-ranking. A major contribution is that we introduce the dynamic listwise distillation, where we design a unified listwise training approach for both the retriever and the re-ranker. During the dynamic distillation, the retriever and the re-ranker can be adaptively improved according to each other's relevance information. We also propose a hybrid data augmentation strategy to construct diverse training instances for listwise training approach. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our approach on both MSMARCO and Natural Questions datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/RocketQA.Comment: EMNLP 202

Genome-wide variations in a natural isolate of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Background Increasing genetic and phenotypic differences found among natural isolates of C. elegans have encouraged researchers to explore the natural variation of this nematode species. Results Here we report on the identification of genomic differences between the reference strain N2 and the Hawaiian strain CB4856, one of the most genetically distant strains from N2. To identify both small- and large-scale genomic variations (GVs), we have sequenced the CB4856 genome using both Roche 454 (~400 bps single reads) and Illumina GA DNA sequencing methods (101 bps paired-end reads). Compared to previously described variants (available in WormBase), our effort uncovered twice as many single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and increased the number of small InDels almost 20-fold. Moreover, we identified and validated large insertions, most of which range from 150 bps to 1.2 kb in length in the CB4856 strain. Identified GVs had a widespread impact on protein-coding sequences, including 585 single-copy genes that have associated severe phenotypes of reduced viability in RNAi and genetics studies. Sixty of these genes are homologs of human genes associated with diseases. Furthermore, our work confirms previously identified GVs associated with differences in behavioural and biological traits between the N2 and CB4856 strains. Conclusions The identified GVs provide a rich resource for future studies that aim to explain the genetic basis for other trait differences between the N2 and CB4856 strains

Multimodal molecular imaging technology (SPECT/CT) in the clinical application progress

多模态分子成像设备的发展是影像学发展的里程碑，继SPECT和CT后，人们开始致力于SPECT/CT的研究。CT的多参数解剖成像与SPECT的分子成像结合，不仅提供SPECT的功能影像,而且提供CT的解剖显像,提高了传统定位、定性的准确性。对促进神经、心血管、肿瘤等方面的研究及临床诊断具有重要意义。本文从SPECT/CT成像的研究现状及其面临的挑战进行综述，并探讨SPECT/CT在生物医学中的优越性及发展前景。Multimodal molecular imaging development is milestone in the development of imaging equipment, after the SPECT and CT, people are committed to the research of SPECT/CT.Many parameters of CT in combination with the molecular imaging anatomical imaging and SPECT, not only provides the function of SPECT images, and provide anatomic imaging of CT, improve the accuracy of the traditional orientation, qualitative.To promote the nervous, cardiovascular, cancer research and clinical diagnosis is of great significance.This article from the research status of SPECT/CT imaging and its challenges were reviewed, and to explore the superiority of SPECT/CT in biomedical and development prospects

Crucial experiment to resolve Abraham-Minkowski Controversy

Abraham-Minkowski dilemma concerning the momentum of light within dielectric materials has persisted over 100 years[1]-[2] and conflicting experiments were reported until recently[3]-[4]. We perform a reversed Fizeau experiment to test the composition law of light speeds in media and the result accords with extended Lorentz transformations where the light speed c is changed to c/n. This is a crucial evidence that Minkowski's formulation p=nE/c should be correct although the momentum is not measured directly. By the way, the energy velocity of an electromagnetic field transferred along good conductors may be much faster than c and people have broken the light barrier for a very long time.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Opti