Coral Fishes in Coral Reef Waters of Sub District Maba, East Halmahera Egency North Maluku Province

This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of reef fish in coral reef waters of Sub District Maba and was conducted at 10 stations. Data were collected by conducting visual census on the 50-meter transect line at 5 meters depth. In addition to revealing the number of species and abundance of coral fishes, data were analyzed to determine the diversity index (Shannon-Wiener). Based on field observations, most of the reef fishes found in the Sub-district of Maba surrounding waters are being categorized to have less potential category (50%); fair potential (41.67%); potential (8:33%); and there is no population being classified in very potential category. Several locations have the potential reef fish condition were Jara-jara Cape, Gee Island, and Para-para Island. Based on the existence of the target species population, in term of species richness and abundance, it is assumed that largely dominated by the target fish species that has low economic value. On the other hand target fish that has high economic value only consists of few species such as grouper, jacks, sweetlips, and snappers

Biology Reproduction Of Banggai Cardinal Fish Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933 In Lembeh Strait

This research was conducted to determine the reproductive aspects of Banggai Cardinal Fish (Pterapogon kauderni) in the Lembeh Strait. Fish samples were obtained by “Small Chang Net” in the Lembeh Strait. The total sample was 150 individuals. Sex Ratio of Pterapogon kauderni in Serena Besar Island 1: 1, in LIPI 1: 1 water, and in Papusungan waters 1: 1. IKG Pterapogon kauderni  in Serena besar location in females obtained 0.26 ± 0.21 and in males 0, 26 ± 0.13. Location of Papusungan, females obtained 1.25 ± 1.00 and in males 0.37 ± 0.16. Then finally, at the LIPI location, females obtained 0.64 ± 1.12 and in males 0.50 ±,69. Gonad Maturity Levels are classified into three categories, young gonads, mature and salty gonads, with a percentage of 25% of individual young gonads, 20% of mature gonads, and 55% of saline gonads, respectively. Gonadal maturity index in each category of gonad maturity is young gonad 0.23, mature 2.16 and salin 0.27. The "Ovarian Fecundity"  is 30 ± 11 eggs, and the "Fecundity Brooding" fecundity is 48 ± 16 eggs.Keywords: Pterapogon kauderni, Sex Ratio, Gonad Maturity, FecundityABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aspek reproduksi ikan Capungan banggai (Pterapogon kauderni) yang ada di Selat Lembeh. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan cara ditangkap menggunakan “Small Chang Net” Di Selat Lembeh. Total hasil tangkapan Berjumlah 150 individu. Nisbah kelamin Pterapogon kauderni di Pulau Serena Besar 1 : 1. Di perairan LIPI 1 : 1, dan di Perairan Papusungan 1 : 1. IKG Ikan Pterapogon kauderni di lokasi P. Serena Besar betina diperoleh 0,26 ± 0,21 dan pada jantan 0,26 ± 0,13. Di lokasi Papusungan, betina diperoleh 1,25 ± 1,00 dan pada jantan 0,37 ± 0,16. Kemudian terakhir di lokasi LIPI, pada betina diperoleh 0,64 ± 1,12 dan pada jantan 0,50 ± ,69. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad  dikelompookan dalam tiga kategori yakni gonad muda, matang dan salin, dengan prosentasi masing-masing 25 % idividu gonad muda, 20% gonad matang, dan 55% gonad salin. Indeks kematangan gonad pada setiap kategori kematangan gonad  adalah gonad muda 0,23, matang 2,16 dan salin 0,27.  Fekunditas “Ovarian fecundity“ adalah sebanya 30±11 butir telur, dan fekunditas “Brooding fecundity“ adalah 48±16 butir telur.Kata kunci: Pterapogon kauderni, Nisbah Kelamin, Kematangan Gonad, Fekundita

Coral Fishes Community On The Artificial Coral Reefs Of Kareko Waters, North Lembeh Island District, Bitung City, North Sulawesi

The aim of this research is to determine the species richness, individual abundance, and the ecology index of the coral fishes on the artificial reef of Kareko waters,  District of North Lembeh - Bitung City. The data is collected using “Visual Census” technique by scuba diving. The amount of the reef fishes found in the artificial coral reefs were 53 species. The abundance species in the artificial reefs which made from metal were 34 species and which made from concrete were 35 species. The total of number individuals of coral fishes from 47 species is 210.50 individuals/30m2. The total density was 7,017 individuals/m2. The highest relative density on iron-made reefs was found in Dascyllus trimaculatus (15.73%) and and which made from concrete were Dascyllus reticulatus (10.85%).  Based on H’, H’max, and H’min, the diversity Index  of coral fishes in both artificial reefs including high.Keywords : Coral Fishes, Artificial Reef, Kareko ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kekayaan spesies, kelimpahan individu, dan indeks ekologi ikan karang pada terumbu buatan di Perairan Kareko. Kecamatan Lembeh Utara, Kota Bitung. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik “Sensus Visual” dengan melakukan penyelaman SCUBA. Jumlah spesies ikan karang yang ditemukan pada terumbu buatan yaitu 53 spesies. Kekayaan spesies di terumbu buatan yang terbuat dari besi berjumlah 34 spesies, sedangkan di terumbu buatan beton berjumlah 35 spesies. Kelimpahan individu total ikan karang dari 47 spesies yaitu 210,50 individu/30 m2 sedangkan kepadatan/densitas total adalah 7,017 individu/m2. Kepadatan relative tertinggi untuk terumbu buatan besi ditemukan pada jenis Dascyllus trimaculatus (15,73%) dan untuk terumbu buatan beton ditemukan pada jenis Dascyllus reticulatus (10,85%). Berdasarkan nilai H’, H’max, and H’min, indeks keanekeragaman ikan karang pada kedua jenis terumbu buatan tergolong tinggi.Keywords : Coral Fishes, Artificial Reef, Karek

Size, Length-Weight Relationship And Condition Factor Of Banggai Cardinal Fish, Pterapogon Kauderni Koumans, 1933 In Lembeh Strait North Sulawesi

This study aims to determine the size distribution and the relationship between length and weight and condition factors of Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) in the Lembeh Strait. Fish samples were obtained by using Chang Net in the Lembeh Strait. Total fish caught were 150 individuals from three sites namely Serena Besar Island, the waters in front of LIPI and the waters in front of Papusungan village with 50 fish each. The size distribution of Pterapogon kauderni fish ranges from 4.13 - 8.92 cm and dominated by the size class of 7.13 - 7.72 cm while the size class of 4.13 - 4.72 cm only contains 3 individuals. The length-weight relationship of male fish is W = 0.0285 L2.6496 (n = 77; R2 = 0.7231), and female fish W = 0.837 L2.0723 (n = 73; R2 = 0.6626).  The growth pattern analysis shows a negative allometric pattern both for males and females while the condition factors of male fish are 1.020 ± 0.202 and female 1.027 ± 0.236.Keywords: Kauderni pterapogon, distribution size, length-weight relationship, condition factorAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran dan hubungan panjang berat serta faktor kondisi ikan Capungan Banggai (Pterapogon kauderni) yang ada di Selat Lembeh. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan cara ditangkap menggunakan Chang Net di Selat Lembeh. Total hasil tangkapan adalah 150 individu masing-masing 50 di Pulau Serena Besar, Perairan depan LIPI dan Perairan depan desa Papusungan. Sebaran ukuran ikan Pterapogon kauderni berkisar antara 4,13 – 8,92 cm dan didominasi oleh kelas ukuran 7,13 – 7,72 cm sedangkan kelas ukuran 4,13 – 4,72 cm hanya terdapat 3 individu. Hubungan panjang-berat ikan jantan adalah W = 0,0285L2,6496 & (n = 77 ; R2 = 0,7231), ikan betina W = 0,837L2,0723 (n = 73 ; R2 = 0,6626). Analisis pola pertumbuhan menunjukan pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif  baik jantan maupun betina. sedangkan Faktor kondisi ikan jantan 1,020 ± 0,202 dan betina 1,027 ± 0,236.Kata kunci: Pterapogon kauderni, sebaran ukuran, panjang berat, faktor kondis

The Inventory of Seagrasses in Marine Field Station of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science in Subdistrict of East Likupang District North Minahasa

This study was conducted in Marine Field Station of Faculty of Fisheries and Science of Sam Ratulangi University, Sub-district of East Likupang, North Minahasa. This study aims to identified the seagrasses in the water of Marine Field Station. The benefits of this study are for the database of seagrasses ecosystem management and comparative for other studies. The Observation and data collection was using random survey technic by analyzed the areas to collecting all the seagrass species found. Furthermore, the seagrass samples were categorised into each species. The result showed the amount of seagrass species in Marine Field Station are 8 species from 6 genera and 2 families: Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides,  Halophila ovalis, dan Halophila minor.Keyword: Inventory, Seagrass, Marine Field Station ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di perairan Marine Field Station Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Unsrat Kecamatan Likupang Timur Kabupatan Minahasa  Utara. Tujuan penelitian  untuk mengidentifikasi lamun yang ada di Perairan Marine Field station. Manfaat penelitian dapat menjadi data pengelolaan ekosistem padang lamun dan dapat menjadi perbandingan untuk penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya. Pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik survei jelajah, yaitu dengan menjelajahi wilayah pengamatan sambil mencari semua spesies lamun. Lamun yang diambil adalah semua jenis yang ditemui. Selanjutnya, sampel lamun dikelompokan berdasarkan spesies. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan jumlah spesies lamun pada lokasi penelitian di Perairan Marine Field Station adalah 8 spesies dari 6 genera dan 2 famili yaitu, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides,  Halophila ovalis, dan Halophila minor. Kata kunci: Inventarisasi, Lamun, Marine Field Statio

Coral Fish Community at Artificial Reef In front of Marine Field Station of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science UNSRAT in Kampung Ambong Likupang Village, at The District of North Minahasa

The aim of this study was to looking for the number of species, individual number and coral fish community structure at Artificial Reef in Front Marine Field Station of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science UNSRAT in Kampung Ambong Likupang Village at The District of North Minahasa. This research was done at artificial structure consist of different materials i.e iron, concrete struckture and bamboo which were laid at aproximately 9 metres. 23 coral fish species consist of : 3 species of indicator fish, 3 species of herbivorous target fish, 9 species of carnivorous target fish and 8 species mayor fish. The highest number of species was found in May 2019 (21 species) while at the same time low in individual (291) was found. In March 2019, coral fish was found in fair category (17 species) while high number of individual (383) was found in April 2019 (16 species) and the number of individual (321) was found. Diversity of all species that found from March up to May 2019 was 2,373 (good category). The dominance indeks was found 0,132 and could be categorized  as lowKeywords : Artificial, Subtrat, coral reef, fish. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan pada substrat buatan dengan bahan yang berbeda yaitu besi, beton dan bambu yang diletakkan pada kedalaman + 9 meter. Ditemukan 23 jenis ikan karang yang meliputi  3 jenis ikan indikator, 3 jenis ikan target herbivora, 9 jenis ikan target karnivora dan 8 jenis ikan mayor. Jenis ikan karang yang tinggi ditemukan pada bulan Mei 2019 yaitu 21 jenis sedangkan jumlah individu rendah 291 individu, pada bulan Maret 2019 ikan karang yang ditemukan tergolong sedang berjumlah 17 jenis sedangkan jumlah individu tinggi yaitu 383 individu dan pada bulan April ikan karang yang ditemukan berjumlah 16 jenis dengan jumlah individu 321. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) dari keseluruhan jenis mulai dari bulan Maret hingga Mei 2019 yaitu 2,373 dan dikategorikan sedang, indeks dominansi (D) 0,132 dan diketegorikan rendah.Kata kunci: Artifisial, Subtrat, terumbu karang, ikan

Community Structure of Seagrass in Coastal Waters of Bahoi Village, West Likupang Sub-district, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province

This study was aimed at revealing the structure of seagrass community in the coastal waters of Bahoi Village, West Likupang Sub-district, District of North Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. Samples collection was conducted during the lowest tide period by deploying line transect and quadrate. Eight species of seagrasses were identified on this study, including species as follow: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hempricihii, Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Hlodule pinifolia, H. uninervis and Halophila ovalis. The highest density value ( 112.16 individual/m2) was calculated from transect III data on S. isoetifolium species. In term of relative density value, S. isoetifolium also has the highest value (35.176 %). Index dominance (C) was calculated as well from transect III data (0.477) while the highest diversity index  (H’) was calculated from transect I data (1.724). Keyword : structure, Analysis, seagrass ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji struktur komunitas lamun di perairan pantai Desa Bahoi Kecamatan Likupang Barat Sulawesi Utara.Pengambilan sampel  dilaksanakan sekali pada saat surut terendah, data dikumpulkan berdasarkan garis transek dan kuadrat. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan dalam keseluruhan kuadrat di lokasi penelitian berjumlah 8 spesies yaitu : Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis, dan Halophila ovalis. Kepadatan individu tertinggi terdapat pada transek III yaitu spesies Syringodium isoetifolium 112,16 ind/m2. Kepadatan relatif tertinggi terdapat pada spesies Syringodium isoetifolium (35,176 %). Indeks dominasi (C) yang tertinggi terdapat pada transek III 0.477 indeks keanekaragaman spesies (H’) yang tertinggi pada transek I 1.724. Keyword : structure, Analysis, seagrass 1Mahasiswa Program Studi MSP FPIK-UNSRAT 2Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulang

Kondisi Ekologi dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Mangrove di Desa Tarohan Selatan Kecamatan Beo Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud

KONDISI EKOLOGI DAN PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA MANGROVE DI DESA TAROHAN SELATAN KECAMATAN BEO SELATAN KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD1 Rivay Ontorael2, Adnan S Wantasen3, Ari B Rondonuwu3 ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the ecological condition of mangrove forests, and the use/utilization of mangrove forests. The method used is method of survey and interview cruising. Ecological data retrieval is done by making transects kuadrant shaped by the size of 25x25 cm by 3 pieces lengthwise parallel to the coastline of South Tarohan Village. Respondents to the data carried by a purposive sampling interview respondents who have been determined. The results showed that the highest density is owned by Sonneratia alba and the highest frequency is owned by species Sonneratia Alba its index value is also important because it is owned by Sonneratia Alba. Sonneratia Alba is a type of mangrove, Sonneratia which have a dominant role in the mangrove forest ecosystem. Environmental conditions of coastal waters of South Tarohan village has a good environment and support the survival of mangrove forests and biota in the vicinity. South Tarohan Villagers were already aware of and understand the benefits of mangrove forests, it can not guarantee the preservation of mangrove forests because most people still use mangrove wood for household needs for fuel wood.   Keywords : Mangrove, ecological   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekologi hutan mangrove, serta penggunaan/pemanfaatan hutan mangrove. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survey jelajah dan wawancara. Pengambilan data ekologi dilakukan dengan membuat transek berbentuk kuadrant dengan ukuran 25x25 m sebanyak 3 buah  memenjang sejajar garis pantai Desa Tarohan Selatan. Untuk data responden dilakukan dengan wawancara secara purposive sampling yaitu responden yang sudah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kerapatan jenis tertinggi di miliki oleh Sonneratia alba dan Frekuensi Jenis tertinggi di miliki oleh Sonneratia alba beserta Indeks Nilai Penting juga di miliki oleh Sonneratia alba karena Sonneratia alba merupakan jenis mangrove yang memiliki peranan dominan dalam ekosisten hutan mangrove. Kondisi lingkungan perairan pesisir Desa Tarohan Selatan memiliki lingkungan yang baik dan mendukung kelangsungan hidup dari hutan mangrove dan biota yang ada di sekitarnya. Masyarakat Desa Tarohan Selatan ternyata sudah mengetahui dan memahami manfaat hutan mangrove, hal ini tidak dapat menjamin kelestarian hutan mangrove karena masih sebagian besar masyarakat menggunakan kayu bakau sebagai kebutuhan rumah tangga untuk kayubakar kayu bakar. Kata kunci : Mangrove, ekolog

Species And Abundance Of Fish In The Seagrass Beds Napomanuk Island, West Likupang, North Minahasa

This study aims to know fish genera, species abundance, and biomass in the seagrass bed of Napomanuk island. It applied swept area method using a beach seine 60 m long 3 m depth with 0.5 cm mesh at the purse and 1 cm at the wings. The study was conducted at full moon and new moon period at both high tide and low tide. There were 55 fish species of 31 families recorded. In full moon period, 37 species occurred at high tide. The species abundance (Ki) ranged from 0.0004/m2 to 0.0126/m2 with the highest in Diodon liturosus, 0.0126/m2. The biomass abundance (Kb) ranged from 0.0019 g/m2 to 1.133 g/m2, with the highest in Diodon liturosus,1.133 g/m2. At low tide, there were 16 species recorded with the species abundance (Ki) of 0.0006/m2 to 0.0037/m2 and the highest in Diodon liturosus 0.0037/m2 and the biomass abundance (Kb) of 0.0002 g/m2 to 0.2949 g/m2 and the highest in  Diodon liturosus 0.2949 g/m2. In new moon period, there were 29 species recorded at high tide. The species abundance (Ki) ranged from 0.0004/m2 to 0.0041/m2 with the highest in Diodon liturosus with the highest in Diodon liturosus, 0.0041/m2. The biomass abundance (Kb) ranged from 0.0007 g/m2 to 0.4015 g/m2, with the highest in Diodon liturosus 0.4015 g/m2. At low tide, there  were 22 species recorded. The species abundance (Ki) ranged from 0.0004/m2 to 0.0096/m2 with the highest in Diodon liturosus, 0.0096/m2. The biomass abundance (Kb) ranged from 0.0011 g/m2 to 1.1119 g/m2, with the highest in Diodon liturosus, 1.1119 g/m2.Keyword: Seagrass Ecosystem, Abundance, Species, Biomass, Napomanuk Island ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis ikan dan kelimpahan individu dan biomassa ikan di Padang Lamun Pulau Napomanuk. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode daerah sapuan (sweept area) dengan menggunakan pukat pantai dengan panjang 60 m, tinggi bagian kantong 3 m, mata jaring kantong 0,5 cm, dan mata jaring sayap 1 cm. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada fase bulan purnama dan bulan baru baik waktu air pasang maupun air surut. Selama penelitian ini ditemukan 31 famili dan 55 spesies ikan. Pada periode air pasang bulan purnama terdapat 37 spesies ikan. Kelimpahan individu (Ki) berkisar antara 0,0004/m2 sampai 0,0126/m2, dengan nilai Ki terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 0,0126/m2. Kelimpahan biomassa (Kb)  berkisarantara 0,0019 g/m2 sampai 1,133 g/m2, dengan nilai Kb terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 1,133 g/m2. Pada periode air surut bulan purnama terdapat 16 spesies ikan. Kelimpahan individu (Ki) berkisar antara 0,0006/m2 sampai 0,0037/m2, dengan nilai Ki terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 0,0037/m2. Kelimpahan biomassa (Kb) berkisar antara 0,0002 g/m2 sampai 0,2949 g/m2, dengan nilai Kb terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 0,2949 g/m2. Pada periode air pasang bulan baru terdapat 29 spesies ikan. Kelimpahan individu (Ki) berkisar antara 0,0004/m2 sampai 0,0041/m2 dengan nilai Ki terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 0,0041/m2. Kelimpahan biomassa (Kb) berkisar antara 0,0007 g/m2 sampai 0,4015 g/m2, dengan nilai Kb terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 0,4015 g/m2. Pada periode air surut bulan baru terdapat 22 spesies ikan. Kelimpahan individu (Ki) berkisar antara 0,0004/m2 sampai 0,0096/m2 dengan nilai Ki terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 0,0096/m2. Kelimpahan biomassa (Kb) berkisar antara 0,0011 g/m2 sampai 1,1119 g/m2, dengan nilai Kb terbesar pada spesies Diodon liturosus 1,1119 g/m2.Kata kunci : Ekosistem Lamun, Kelimpahan, Spesies, Biomassa, Pulau Napomanu

The Coral Fish in the Coastal Areas, Likupang Kampung Ambong Village, East Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency

The aims of this study, 1). To find out the number of species and the abundance of coral fishes; 2). To find out the biomasssa of target fish in carnivorous and herbivorous groups. Data collection was carried out at 5 meters depth using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. The area observation is 150 m2. Coralivorous fish are found with 8 species and are categorized as medium. 28 species of target fish were found from carnivorous fish (13 species), and herbivorous fish (15 species).  For total individual number that is 81 individuals and a density that is 3240 individuals/Ha. The highest number of individuals is found in herbivorous fish. The high value of the ecological index shows the stability of the community and the ability of the environment that allows species of fish to grow and develop in their habitat. The target fish is generally in the class size of 16-20 cm and 21-25 cm. In general, reef fish from the group of herbivores are most commonly found in this location.Keywords: Coral Fishes, Likupang Kampung Ambong ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian, yaitu 1). Untuk mengetahui jumlah spesies dan kelimpahan individu ikan karang; 2). Untuk mengetahui biomasssa ikan target kelompok karnivora dan herbivora.  Pengambilan data dilakukan pada kedalaman 5 meter dengan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC). Luas areal pengamatan adalah 150 m2.   Ikan koralivora yang ditemukan berjumlah 8 spesies dan dikategorikan sedang.  Ditemukan 28 jenis ikan target dari ikan karnivora (13 spesies), dan ikan herbivora (15 spesies).  Untuk kelimpahan individu total yaitu 81 individu dan densitas 3240 individu/Ha.  Jumlah individu tertinggi ditemukan pada ikan herbivora.  Tingginya nilai indeks ekologi menunjukkan kemantapan komunitas dan kemampuan lingkungan yang memungkinkan jenis-jenis ikan untuk bertahan dan berkembang pada habitatnya.  Ikan target umumnya pada kelas ukuran 16 - 20 cm dan 21 – 25 cm.  Pada umumnya ikan karang dari kelompok herbivora yang paling banyak ditemukan di lokasi ini. Kata Kunci: Ikan Karang, Likupang Kampung Ambong, Biomass