O gênero Casearia Jacq. no estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil)

Ver resumo em arquivo pdf

O gênero Casearia Jacq. no Brasil

Apresentamos o estudo taxonômico de Casearia Jacq. (Salicaceae) no Brasil. Foram reconhecidas 48 espécies do gênero, sendo três novas para ciência (Casearia espiritosantensis R. Marquete & Mansano, Casearia souzae R. Marquete & Mansano e Casearia murceana R. Marquete & Mansano) e uma espécie foi revalidada (C. cotticensis Uittien). Apresentamos a chave para identificação dos táxons, descrições das espécies, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e observações sobre aspectos ecológicos. Foi feita a lectotipificação dos seguintes nomes C. spinosa Willd. var. tafallana Eichler (C. aculeata), C. incana Bertero ex Spreng. (C. arborea), C. maculata Pilg. (C. fasciculata), Antigona serrata Vell. (C. lasiophylla), C. tarapotina Pilg. (C. mariquitensis), C. selloana, e C. lindeniana Urb. (C. sylvestris), C. celastroides Klotsch (C. zizyphoides); designou-se neótipo para Samyda affinis Spreng. (C. aculeata) e epítipo para Casearia luetzelburgii Sleumer. Foram encontradas como endêmicas do Brasil, 21 espécies, sendo que C. atharinensis, até o momento, do estado de Santa Catarina e C. espiritosantensis e Casearia souzae são do estado do Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro. A análise do estado de conservação das espécies, de acordo com os critérios e categorias propostas pela IUCN, apontou cinco espécies como criticamente em perigo (CR), sete em perigo (EM), e quatro vulneráveis (VU)

Cytotoxic effects of the essential oil from leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) and its nanoemulsion on A549 tumor cell line

Extracts from leaves of C. sylvestris have cytotoxic effect in different tumor cell lines, possibly due to clerodane type diterpenes (casearins). On the other hand, there are few studies related to the antitumor activity of the essential oils from this species. This work evaluated for the first time the cytotoxicity effects of the pure essential oil and its nanoemulsion against A549 tumor cell line (human lung carcinoma). The essential oil was obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed using the WST-1 test. The chemical analysis of the essential oil revealed a volatile fraction composed mainly of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes (72.1%). The essential oil and its nanoemulsion exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 tumor cells with EC50 of 4.0 μg/mL and EC50 of 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Both samples displayed a dose dependent pattern (r = -0.79, p = 0.03) as determined by linear regression test

Anatomical aspects, chemical analysis and cytotoxic effect of the essential oil from leaves of Casearia arborea (Salicaceae)

The genus Casearia (Salicaceae) is found in sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world and comprises about 200 species. In Brazil, there are about 48 species and 12 are registered in the State of Rio de Janeiro; including Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. Essential oil was obtained from the fresh leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The cytotoxic effect was determined by WST-1 assay. Chemical analysis of the essential oil revealed a very diversified (n = 37 compounds) volatile fraction composed mainly of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes (90.2%). These sesquiterpenes included byciclogermacrene (18.7%), germacrene D (12.1%) and α- humulene (11.5%). In addition, the essential oil demonstrated cytotoxic effects against A549 tumor cells in the concentration of 4 μg/mL (EC50) (p < 0.05)

Hippocrateaceae da Mata de Encosta do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro e Arredores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

In the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden hillside forest and surroundings, five taxa of Hippocrateaceae occur: Cheiloclinium glaziovii A.C.Sm., Cheiloclinium serratum (Cambess.) A.C.Sm., Hippocratea volubilis L., Tontelea leptophylla A.C.Sm., and Tontelea miersii (Peyr.) A.C.Sm. A key for identification of the genera and species, with their morphological descriptions, examined material and additional material, geographic distribution, popular names, phenology, and illustrations are presented.Na mata de encosta do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro e arredores ocorrem cinco táxons de Hippocrateaceae: Cheiloclinium glaziovii A.C.Sm., Cheiloclinium serratum (Cambess.) A.C.Sm., Hippocratea volubilis L., Tontelea leptophylla A.C.Sm. e Tontelea miersii (Peyr.) A.C.Sm. Para identificação das espécies apresenta-se uma chave analítica, seguida de descrições morfológicas, citação do material examinado e material adicional, distribuição geográfica, nomes populares, dados fenológicos e do hábitat, comentários e ilustrações

Cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi-I exhibit an overall mixed pro-inflammatory/modulated cytokine signature characteristic of human Chagas disease

Background: Non-human primates have been shown to be useful models for Chagas disease. We previously reported that natural T. cruzi infection of cynomolgus macaques triggers clinical features and immunophenotypic changes of peripheral blood leukocytes resembling those observed in human Chagas disease. In the present study, we further characterize the cytokine-mediated microenvironment to provide supportive evidence of the utility of cynomolgus macaques as a model for drug development for human Chagas disease. Methods and findings: In this cross-sectional study design, flow cytometry and systems biology approaches were used to characterize the ex vivo and in vitro T. cruzi-specific functional cytokine signature of circulating leukocytes from TcI-T. cruzi naturally infected cynomolgus macaques (CH). Results showed that CH presented an overall CD4+-derived IFN-γ pattern regulated by IL-10-derived from CD4+ T-cells and B-cells, contrasting with the baseline profile observed in non-infected hosts (NI). Homologous TcI-T. cruzi-antigen recall in vitro induced a broad pro-inflammatory cytokine response in CH, mediated by TNF from innate/adaptive cells, counterbalanced by monocyte/B-cell-derived IL-10. TcIV-antigen triggered a more selective cytokine signature mediated by NK and T-cell-derived IFN-γ with modest regulation by IL-10 from T-cells. While NI presented a cytokine network comprised of small number of neighborhood connections, CH displayed a complex cross-talk amongst network elements. Noteworthy, was the ability of TcI-antigen to drive a complex global pro-inflammatory network mediated by TNF and IFN-γ from NK-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, regulated by IL-10+CD8+ T-cells, in contrast to the TcIV-antigens that trigger a modest network, with moderate connecting edges. Conclusions: Altogether, our findings demonstrated that CH present a pro-inflammatory/regulatory cytokine signature similar to that observed in human Chagas disease. These data bring additional insights that further validate these non-human primates as experimental models for Chagas disease

Phenotypic Features of Circulating Leukocytes from Non-human Primates Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Resemble the Major Immunological Findings Observed in Human Chagas Disease

Background: Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) represent a feasible model for research on Chagas disease since natural T. cruzi infection in these primates leads to clinical outcomes similar to those observed in humans. However, it is still unknown whether these clinical similarities are accompanied by equivalent immunological characteristics in the two species. We have performed a detailed immunophenotypic analysis of circulating leukocytes together with systems biology approaches from 15 cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with T. cruzi (CH) presenting the chronic phase of Chagas disease to identify biomarkers that might be useful for clinical investigations. Methods and findings: Our data established that CH displayed increased expression of CD32+ and CD56+ in monocytes and enhanced frequency of NK Granzyme A+ cells as compared to non-infected controls (NI). Moreover, higher expression of CD54 and HLA-DR by T-cells, especially within the CD8+ subset, was the hallmark of CH. A high level of expression of Granzyme A and Perforin underscored the enhanced cytotoxicity-linked pattern of CD8+ T-lymphocytes from CH. Increased frequency of B-cells with up-regulated expression of Fc-γRII was also observed in CH. Complex and imbricate biomarker networks demonstrated that CH showed a shift towards cross-talk among cells of the adaptive immune system. Systems biology analysis further established monocytes and NK-cell phenotypes and the T-cell activation status, along with the Granzyme A expression by CD8+ T-cells, as the most reliable biomarkers of potential use for clinical applications. Conclusions: Altogether, these findings demonstrated that the similarities in phenotypic features of circulating leukocytes observed in cynomolgus macaques and humans infected with T. cruzi further supports the use of these monkeys in preclinical toxicology and pharmacology studies applied to development and testing of new drugs for Chagas disease

Reserva Ecológica do IBGE (Brasília - DF): Flacourtiaceae

RESUMO O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, onde foi realizado um levantamento das espécies da família Flacourtiaceae representadas na coleção do herbário. Assinalase para esta área a ocorrência de cinco táxons pertencentes aos seguintes gêneros: Xylosma (1), Lacistema (1) e Casearia (3). O estudo taxonômico das espécies foi caracterizado nas descrições, na elaboração da chave analítica, observações de campo efetuadas durante as coletas e a sua ocorrência nos ambientes das savanas

RESERVA ECOLÓGICA DO IBGE - OPILIACEAE

RESUMO O trabalho trata da família Opiliaceae na área da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, situada em Brasília, Distrito Federal, com base na representatividade da família em coleções de herbários e observações de campo. Registrou-se para esta área apenas a ocorrência de Agonandra brasiliensis Miers ex Benth. & Hook. f. subsp. brasiliensis. O estudo taxonômico consiste em descrições, comentários, material examinado, além de informações sobre a distribuição geográfica, habitat, floração e frutificação