Associations of urbanity and metabolic syndrome estimated from logistic multilevel models (n = 73,278).

<p>Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. model 1: unadjusted. model 2: adjusted for neighborhood income. model 3: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age. model 4: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income model 5: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income, smoking, physical activity.</p><p>Associations of urbanity and metabolic syndrome estimated from logistic multilevel models (n = 73,278).</p

Associations of urbanity and generalized anxiety disorder estimated from logistic multilevel models (n = 71,536).

<p>Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. model 1: unadjusted. model 2: adjusted for neighborhood income. model 3: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age. model 4: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income. model 5: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income, smoking, physical activity.</p><p>Associations of urbanity and generalized anxiety disorder estimated from logistic multilevel models (n = 71,536).</p

Associations of urbanity and lung function (FEV1% predicted) estimated from linear multilevel models (n = 63,946).

<p>Abbreviations: FEV1% predicted: forced expiratory volume in 1 second relative to the predicted value; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval, model 1: unadjusted. model 2: adjusted for neighborhood income. model 3: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age. model 4: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income. model 5: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income, smoking, physical activity.</p><p>Associations of urbanity and lung function (FEV1% predicted) estimated from linear multilevel models (n = 63,946).</p

Associations of urbanity and major depressive disorder estimated from logistic multilevel models (n = 71,536).

<p>Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. model 1: unadjusted. model 2: adjusted for neighborhood income. model 3: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age. model 4: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income. model 5: adjusted for neighborhood income, sex, age, education, household equivalent income, smoking, physical activity.</p><p>Associations of urbanity and major depressive disorder estimated from logistic multilevel models (n = 71,536).</p

Socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, chronic diseases and general health in the index population, family members and self-registrants of the LifeLines Cohort Study.

<p>Direct standardization for age, sex, marital status and level of urbanization to the population of the north of the Netherlands at May 1^st 2012 was used.</p><p>Socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, chronic diseases and general health in the index population, family members and self-registrants of the LifeLines Cohort Study.</p

Multivariate regression: factors associated with weight-for-age Z-scores change^*.

<p>Z-score change is the change in Z-score over time, this indicates how much infants deviate from their growth curve. Explained variances of the models are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133326#pone.0133326.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p><p>*For readability of the changes in Z-scores, all values have been multiplied by 100.</p><p>Multivariate regression: factors associated with weight-for-age Z-scores change^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133326#t004fn002" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Demographic characteristics of the LifeLines study population as compared with the population of the three northern provinces of the Netherlands.

<p>Direct standardization for age, sex, marital status and level of urbanization to the population of the north of the Netherlands at May 1^st 2012 was used. Marital status and level of urbanization were standardized for age and sex only.</p><p>Demographic characteristics of the LifeLines study population as compared with the population of the three northern provinces of the Netherlands.</p

Socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, chronic diseases and general health in the LifeLines study population as compared with the population of the three northern provinces of the Netherlands.

<p>Direct standardization for age, sex, marital status and level of urbanization to the population of the north of the Netherlands at May 1^st 2012 was used.</p><p>^<b>a</b> Body- weight and height measured in LifeLines, self-reported in Permanent Survey of Living Conditions.</p><p>^<b>b</b> Occurrence ‘ever’ of diseases was assessed, except for Chronic non-specific lung disease, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis and Psoriasis in Permanent Survey of Living Conditions, for which the occurrence in last 12 months was assessed.</p><p>Socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, chronic diseases and general health in the LifeLines study population as compared with the population of the three northern provinces of the Netherlands.</p

Demographic characteristics of the index population, family members and self-registrants of the LifeLines Cohort Study.

<p>Direct standardization for age, sex, marital status and level of urbanization to the population of the north of the Netherlands at May 1^st 2012 was used. Marital status and level of urbanization were standardized for age and sex only.</p><p>Demographic characteristics of the index population, family members and self-registrants of the LifeLines Cohort Study.</p

Multivariate regression: factors associated with weight-for-length Z-scores change^*.

<p>Z-score change is the change in Z-score over time, this indicates how much infants deviate from their growth curve. Explained variances of the models are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133326#pone.0133326.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p><p>*For readability of the changes in Z-scores, all values have been multiplied by 100.</p><p>Multivariate regression: factors associated with weight-for-length Z-scores change^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133326#t005fn002" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p