Summary of results: min, max, mean and standard deviation for ten pituitary adenomas.

<p>Summary of results: min, max, mean and standard deviation for ten pituitary adenomas.</p

This image presents the 3D segmentation result of GrowCut (green) for the tumor and background initialization of Figure 2.

<p> After the initialization of the GrowCut algorithm under Slicer it took about three seconds to get the segmentation result on an Intel Core i7 CPU, 4×2.50 GHz, 8 GB RAM, Windows 7 Professional ×64 Version, Service Pack 1.</p

These images present the segmentation result (green) of the GrowCut algorithm of Slicer: axial (left image), sagittal (middle image) and coronal (right image).

<p> Note: the pituitary adenoma and background initialization for this segmentation result is presented in of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0051788#pone-0051788-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p

These screenshots present segmentation results on a sagittal (upper row) and an axial (lower row) slice for the manual segmentation (middle images, yellow) and the Slicer-based GrowCut segmentation (right images, magenta).

<p>These screenshots present segmentation results on a sagittal (upper row) and an axial (lower row) slice for the manual segmentation (middle images, yellow) and the Slicer-based GrowCut segmentation (right images, magenta).</p

These images present a typical user initialization for pituitary adenoma segmentation under Slicer with for the GrowCut algorithm: axial (left image), sagittal (middle image) and coronal (right image).

<p> Note: the tumor has been initialized in green and the background has been initialized in yellow.</p

3D Slicer interface with the Slicer-Editor on the left side and a loaded pituitary adenoma data set on the right side: axial slice (upper left window), sagittal slice (lower left window), coronal slice (lower right window) and the three slices shown in a 3D visualization (upper right window).

<p>3D Slicer interface with the Slicer-Editor on the left side and a loaded pituitary adenoma data set on the right side: axial slice (upper left window), sagittal slice (lower left window), coronal slice (lower right window) and the three slices shown in a 3D visualization (upper right window).</p

Direct comparison of manual slice-by-slice and Slicer-based GrowCut segmentation results for ten pituitary adenomas via the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC).

<p>Direct comparison of manual slice-by-slice and Slicer-based GrowCut segmentation results for ten pituitary adenomas via the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC).</p

Healthy region-specific graph theoretical metrics, the effects of systematic lesions, and the difference between the observed and simulated tamping iron lesions.

<p>A) Cortical maps of regional graph theoretical properties. Regions affected by the passage of the tamping iron include those having relatively high betweenness centrality and clustering coefficients but relatively low mean local efficiency and eccentricity. B) A cortical surface schematic of the relative effects of systematic lesions of similar WM/GM attributes over the cortex for both network integration (i) and segregation (ii). For each mapping, colors represent the Z-score difference between systematic lesions of that area relative the average change in integration taken across all simulated lesions. C) Cortical maps of the differences/similarity between the effects on integration and segregation observed from the tamping iron lesion with that of each simulated lesion. Here black is most similar (e.g. the observed lesion is most similar to itself) whereas white is least similar to (e.g. most different from) the tamping iron's effects on these measures of network architecture.</p

The circular representation of cortical anatomy and WM connectivity from N = 110 normal right-handed males (age 25–36).

<p>The outermost ring shows the various brain regions arranged by lobe (fr – frontal; ins – insula; lim – limbic; tem – temporal; par – parietal; occ- occipital; nc – non-cortical; bs – brain stem; CeB - cerebellum) and further ordered anterior-to-posterior based upon the centers-of-mass of these regions in the published Destrieux atlas <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037454#pone.0037454-Destrieux1" target="_blank">[72]</a> (see also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037454#pone-0037454-t006" target="_blank">Table 6</a> for complete region names, abbreviations, and FreeSurfer IDs, and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037454#pone-0037454-t007" target="_blank">Table 7</a> for the abbreviation construction scheme). The left half of the connectogram figure represents the left-hemisphere of the brain, whereas the right half represents the right hemisphere with the exception of the brain stem, which occurs at the bottom, 6 o'clock position of the graph. The lobar abbreviation scheme is given in the text. The color map of each region is lobe-specific and maps to the color of each regional parcellation as shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037454#pone.0037454.s002" target="_blank">Fig. S2</a>. The set of five rings (from the outside inward) reflect average i) regional volume, ii) cortical thickness, iii) surface area, and iv) cortical curvature of each parcellated cortical region. For non-cortical regions, only average regional volume is shown. Finally, the inner-most ring displays the relative degree of connectivity of that region with respect to WM fibers found to emanate from this region, providing a measure of how connected that region is with all other regions in the parcellation scheme. The links represent the computed degrees of connectivity between segmented brain regions. Links shaded in blue represent DTI tractography pathways in the lower third of the distribution of fractional anisotropy, green lines the middle third, and red lines the top third. Circular “color bars” at the bottom of the figure describe the numeric scale for each regional geometric measurement and its associated color on that anatomical metric ring of the connectogram.</p

Descriptions of Damage to Gages' Skull Serving as Constraints for Determining the Trajectory of the Tamping Iron.

<p>Descriptions of Damage to Gages' Skull Serving as Constraints for Determining the Trajectory of the Tamping Iron.</p