Cryptography with chaos at the physical level.

In this work, we devise a chaos-based secret key cryptography scheme for digital communication where the encryption is realized at the physical level, that is, the encrypting transformations are applied to the wave signal instead to the symbolic sequence. The encryption process consists of transformations applied to a two-dimensional signal composed of the message carrying signal and an encrypting signal that has to be a chaotic one. The secret key, in this case, is related to the number of times the transformations are applied. Furthermore, we show that due to its chaotic nature, the encrypting signal is able to hide the statistics of the original signal

Electronic analogy in Physics teaching.

Este artigo introduz um procedimento para o projeto de circuitos eletrônicos analógicos simples que emulam o comportamento dinâmico de sistemas físicos e matemáticos. Tais circuitos podem ser utilizados como uma aproximação experimental para desenvolvimento de atividades experimentais de ensino, sendo facilmente aplicáveis em qualquer laboratório. Como exemplo, as versões eletrônicas dos sistemas caóticos de Duffing e Rossler são projetadas e implementadas, resultando em protótipos simples, baratos, robustos, versáteis e funcionais.This work introduces a procedure for analogue electronic circuits design that emulate the dynamic behavior of physical and mathematical systems. Such circuits can be applied as a practical approach for didactic experiments, and easily settled at any laboratory. As instance, electronic version of Duffing and Rossler chaotic systems are designed and implemented, resulting in simple, low cost, robust and functional prototypes

Two dimensional numerical analysis of nickel and iron dendritic morphologies using phase-field method.

Nesse trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de simulações bidimensionais da formação de dendritas durante a solidificação do níquel e do ferro puros, utilizando um modelo de campo de fase. A morfologia obtida mostrou-se qualitativamente semelhante à forma dendrítica, com braços primários e secundários bem desenvolvidos. Além disso, as velocidades de crescimento em regime permanente, calculadas no presente trabalho, apresenta ram boa conformidade com os dados experimentais em uma grande faixa de super-resfriamentos. Foi observado que a espessura da interface apresenta um forte efeito sobre a morfologia e a velocidade de solidificação. Interfaces espessas reduzem o tempo computacional; entretanto podem gerar resultados inconsistentes. A espessura que apresentou os melhores resultados sem aumento acentuado do tempo de processamento foi 4x10-8 m.Numerical results for the solidification morphologies of pure Nickel and Iron, obtained by a two dimensional Phase Field model, conformed qualitatively well with the dendritic form, clearly depicting developed primary and secondary branches. Additionally, the steady state solidification velocity obtained in the present simulations fitted the experimental data over a wide range of undercoolings. It has been observed that the solid-liquid interface thickness has a strong effect on both the morphology and steady state solidification velocity. A thicker interface which might reduce computation time may produce inconsistent results. The best results were obtained using an interface 4x10-8 m thick

Numerical simulation of solute trapping phenomena using phase-field solidification model for dilute binary alloys.

Numerical simulation of solute trapping phenomena using phase-field solidification model for dilute binary alloys Numerical simulation of solute trapping during solidification, using two phase-field model for dilute binary alloys developed by Kim et al. [Phys. Rev. E, 60, 7186 (1999)] and Ramirez et al. [Phys. Rev. E, 69, 05167 (2004)] is presented here. The simulations on dilute Cu-Ni alloy are in good agreement with one dimensional analytic solution of sharp interface model. Simulation conducted under small solidification velocity using solid liquid interface thickness (2λ) of 8 nanometers reproduced the solute (Cu) equilibrium partition coefficient. The spurious numerical solute trapping in solid phase, due to the interface thickness was negligible. A parameter used in analytical solute trapping model was determined by isothermal phase-field simulation of Ni-Cu alloy. Its application to Si-As and Si-Bi alloys reproduced results that agree reasonably well with experimental data. A comparison between the three models of solute trapping (Aziz, Sobolev and Galenko [Phys. Rev. E, 76, 031606 (2007)]) was performed. It resulted in large differences in predicting the solidification velocity for partition-less solidification, indicating the necessity for new and more acute experimental data