Relevance of animal models to human tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia remains an elusive and significant clinical entity that can possibly be understood via experimentation with animal models. We conducted a literature review on tardive dyskinesia modeling. Subchronic antipsychotic drug exposure is a standard approach to model tardive dyskinesia in rodents. Vacuous chewing movements constitute the most common pattern of expression of purposeless oral movements and represent an impermanent response, with individual and strain susceptibility differences. Transgenic mice are also used to address the contribution of adaptive and maladaptive signals induced during antipsychotic drug exposure. An emphasis on non-human primate modeling is proposed, and past experimental observations reviewed in various monkey species. Rodent and primate models are complementary, but the non-human primate model appears more convincingly similar to the human condition and better suited to address therapeutic issues against tardive dyskinesia

Prospective randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of two different implant collar designs on peri‐implant healing and functional osseointegration after 25 years

Research on oral/dental intra-osseous implantology focuses primarily on discovering techniques that promote mechanical and/or biological osseointegration over the short-term. The present clinical research documents the effects of implant collar length, external versus internal connection collar design, and fixture surface microtexturing on bone and soft-tissue peri-implant healing after 25 years of function with complete mandibular dental prostheses.Objectives Evaluate the effects of two different machined‐collar lengths and designs on peri‐implant healing. Material and Methods An implant with a microtextured surface and 3.6mm‐long internal‐connection machined collar was compared to two implants that had an identical 1.2mm‐long external‐connection machined collar, but one had the microtextured surface while the other's was machined. Participants received the three implants, with microgap at the crest, alternately at five sites between mental foramen, and a full‐arch prosthesis. Peri‐implant bone levels were measured after 23 to 26 years of function. Keratinized tissue height, plaque, probing depth, bleeding, and purulence were also evaluated. Descriptive and mixed models for repeated\measures analyses were used, with Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons. Results Twenty‐two participants (110 implants) were evaluated at the 25‐year examination. Microtextured implants with the longer machined collar had significantly greater mean marginal bone loss (−1.77mm ± 0.18, mean ± SE) than machined (−0.85mm ± 0.18, p < .001) and microtextured (−1.00 ± 0.18mm, p < .001) implants with the shorter machined collar. Keratinized tissue height was greater for internal‐connection (0.74mm ± 0.10) versus external‐connection (0.51 ± 0.08, p = 0.01) microtextured implants. No differences were observed for plaque (p = 0.78), probing depth (p = 0.42), bleeding (p = 0.07), and purulence (p = 1.00). Implant survival rate was 99%. Conclusions Implants with the 1.2mm machined collar limited bone loss to 1mm, while those with the longer machined collar showed > 1.5mm loss after 25 years of function with microgap at the crest. Internal‐connection design and fixture surface microtexturing did not result in greater bone preservation

The effect of nocturnal wear of dentures on the sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose The effect of nocturnal wear of denture on sleep quality and integrity is still not well understood. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to provide evidence on this topic. Methods Electronic searches were conducted from 1964 up to September 2015, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Only publications in English or French, in which sleep quality of edentate adult individuals wearing dentures at night was compared to those not wearing were included in the review. Random effects models were used to pool the effect sizes. Results A total of 10 studies were included in the systematic review and 5 in the meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference between sleeping with denture and without denture was found for the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI; Standard Mean Difference = −0.60, 95 % CI −1.67–0.47; Z = −1.10; p = 0.27). However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the studies included in the meta-analysis (Tau2 = 1.34; Q-value = 59.32, df = 4 (P < 0.0001); I2 = 93.3 %). When results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were pooled in subgroup analyses of AHI, there was a tendency towards favoring sleeping without dentures (P = 0.059) and no evidence of heterogeneity between studies (Tau2 = 0.000; Q-value = 0.06, df = 1 (P = 0.80); I2 = 0.000 %). Conclusion The current evidence suggests that there is no difference in the sleep quality and integrity of individuals wearing or not wearing their denture during sleep. However, the results of randomized controlled trials favoring sleeping without dentures and the likely presence of bias in the previous studies indicate the need for further randomized controlled trials for the development of clinical guideline

Aggravation of Respiratory Disturbances by the Use of an Occlusal Splint in Apneic Patients: A Pilot Study

I n clinical dentistry and sleep medicine, the use of mandibular advancement devices (MAD) is a recognized management strategy for two respiratory disturbances during sleep: snoring and sleep apnea. 1,2 In sleep medicine, snoring and sleep apnea are classified under &quot;obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome&quot; (OSAHS)

Méthods of detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water: a review - rapport final

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Détection et énumération des coliformes dans l'eau potable :une revue des méthodes existantes

Le groupe des coliformes est utilisé de façon extensive comme un indicateur de la qualité microbiologique de l'eau et a historiquement mené au concept de protection de la santé publique. Le but de cet article est d'identifier les méthodes actuellement en usage ou qui peuvent être proposées pour le suivi en routine des coliformes dans l'eau potable. Certaines méthodes de détection des coliformes sont basées sur des activités enzymatiques spécifiques. Les enzymes bêta-D-galactosidase et bêta-D-glucuronidase sont largement utilisées pour la détection et l'énumération, respectivement des coliformes totaux et d'Escherichia coli. Plusieurs substrats chromogènes ou fluorogénes ont été développés pour la détection de ces activités enzymatiques spécifiques et de nombreux tests commerciaux basés sur l'utilisation de ces substrats sont disponibles. De nombreuses comparaisons ont montré que ces tests représentent une alternative valable aux techniques classiques. Ils sont en revanche plus onéreux et, même si le temps d'incubation est réduit, ils ne permettent pas d'obtenir les résultats des analyses le jour de la collecte des échantillons.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Chapter 4: Impact of reducing biodegradable organic matter on fixed and suspended biomass in distribution systems

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