Biostimulants on yield and its components in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Objective: Study the effect of biostimulants on yield and its components, in Higuera Azufrado beans in the northern Sinaloa.                Design/methodology/approach: Randomized complete block design, three replications, a common bean variety and five treatments (four biostimulants and one control). Evaluated variables: plant height and yield and its components.                           Results: Fia Kelp® biostimulant based on seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum and Macrocystis pyrifera), was outstanding for increased in plant height, seed yield, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 seeds.    Limitations on study/implications: The study was carried out only in one crop cycle, is necessary to continue evaluating the biostimulants used during more consecutive cycles, to prove their effect on the characters of aerial biomass, harvest index and number of pods per crop m2.     Findings/conclusions: Biostimulants foliar applications had a positive effect on seed yield and some of its components, with respect to the control. The number of normal pods per m2 was the variable that showed the highest percentage of yield with seed yield.                                  Keywords: plant nutrition, foliar application, sustainable production.Objective: To study the effect of biostimulants on yield and its components in Azufrado Higuera beans in northern Sinaloa. Design/Methodology/Approach: Randomized complete block design with three repetitions, a common bean variety, and five treatments (four biostimulants and one control). Assessed variables: plant height, yield, and its components. Results: The seaweed-based (Ascophyllum nodosum and Macrocystis pyrifera) Fia Kelp® biostimulant caused a remarkable increase in plant height, seed yield, number of seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight. Study Limitations/Implications: The study was carried out during a single crop cycle. Therefore, an ongoing assessment of the biostimulants used must be carried out during more consecutive cycles to prove their effect on the aerial biomass characteristics, harvest index, and number of pods per m2. Findings/Conclusions: Foliar application of biostimulants had a positive effect on seed yield and some of its components with respect to the control. The number of normal pods per m2 was the variable with the highest correlation percentage regarding seed yield

Morpho-physiological characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) affected by drought during its vegetative stage

Objective: To evaluate the response corn hybrids have on their growth of aerial and root parts, transpiration,and water use efficiency during their early vegetative stage in irrigation and drought conditions.Design/methodology/approach: A randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement, threerepetitions, three corn hybrids and two humidity levels were used. The evaluated variables were: plant height,leaf area, root length, dry weight of the aerial and root part of the plants, efficiency in the water use and totalplant transpiration.Results: The leaf area and dry weight data of the aerial parts of the assessed plants were greater in irrigationthan in drought; in contrast, root length, dry root weight and water use efficiency were higher in drought. SV 3245 registered a higher total transpiration per plant; SV 3243 and ASGROW 7543 showed higher dry weight in their aerial parts; ASGROW 7543 accumulated a greater dry weight at their roots and was more water usage efficient. The experiments indicated interaction for root length, dry root weight and efficiency in water use.Limitations on study/implications: The drought caused seedlings’ death at 28 days after sowing (dds), therefore, it was not possible to continue the evaluations from then on.Findings/conclusions: The drought decreased the growth of the aerial parts of the plants and increased the root system and efficiency in their water usage

Resistencia del frijol al ataque del gorgojo pardo Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) en la zona Norte de Sinaloa

El frijol es un producto básico en la alimentación de los mexicanos, pero su comercialización y establecimiento es afectado por el gorgojo pardo (A. obtectus), ya que es una plaga grave cuando la semilla está almacenada. En la última década, en Sinaloa, México, se establecieron nuevas variedades de fríjol con características agronómicas valiosas, como la alta productividad y calidad del producto cosechado; sin embargo, es indispensable determinar la resistencia o alta tolerancia de estos cultivares al ataque de este insecto. Debido a esto, se determinó la resistencia de seis cultivares de frijol (Aluyori, Azufrasin, Azufrado Higuera, Azufrado Noroeste, Azufrado Regional 87 y Janasa) cultivados en el centro y norte del estado de Sinaloa, al ataque y daño del gorgojo pardo Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831). Se compararon seis cultivares con cuatro repeticiones. El cultivar Aluyori presentó mayor resistencia con sólo el 18 % de semilla, escaso número de adultos emergidos (37) y mínima disminución de la capacidad germinativa (2.33 %). Por el contrario, el más susceptible fue Janasa con los siguientes valores: 51.75 %, 131.5 y 24.75 %, respectivamente. Por lo anterior, se recomienda la utilización de Aluyori y Azufrado Higuera para reducir el impacto negativo de la plaga, aunque se recomienda seguir con la experimentación de los materiales contenidos en los bancos de germoplasma para la futura liberación de nuevos cultivares.The bean is a basic product in the diet of Mexicans, but its commercialization and establishment is affected by the brown weevil (A. obtectus), since it is a serious pest when the seed is stored. In the last decade, in Sinaloa, Mexico, new bean varieties have been established with valuable agronomic characteristics, such as high productivity and quality of the harvested product; However, it is essential to determine the resistance or high tolerance of these cultivars to the attack of this insect. Due to this, the resistance of six bean cultivars (Aluyori, Azufrasin, Azufrado Higuera, Azufrado Noroeste, Azufrado Regional 87 and Janasa) cultivated in the center and north of the state of Sinaloa, to the attack and damage of the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) was determined. Six cultivars with four replications were compared. The Aluyori cultivar presented greater resistance with only 18 % seed, low number of emerged adults (37) and minimal decrease in germination capacity (2.33 %). On the contrary, the most susceptible was Janasa with the following values: 51.75 %, 131.5 and 24.75 %, respectively. Therefore, the use of Aluyori and Azufrado Higuera is recommended to reduce the negative impact of the pest, although it is recommended to continue with the experimentation of the materials contained in the germplasm banks for the future release of new cultivars