Comparative Saving Behavior of Rural and Urban Households in the Philippines

Marginal saving rates for the Philippine households are estimated, distinguishing between rural and urban households, by region and by income group. At a given income level, rural households generally save more, both on the average and on the margin. This contrasts with the higher savings rate for urban households in various regions, attributable for their higher incomes. Marginal savings rate for rural households are higher than for their urban counterparts. Faster growth of rural income need not result in lower aggregate savings.agriculture sector, income, rural sector, savings

Comparative Saving Behavior of Rural and Urban Households in the Philippines

Marginal saving rates for the Philippine households are estimated, distinguishing between rural and urban households, by region and by income group. At a given income level, rural households generally save more, both on the average and on the margin. This contrasts with the higher savings rate for urban households in various regions, attributable for their higher incomes. Marginal savings rate for rural households are higher than for their urban counterparts. Faster growth of rural income need not result in lower aggregate savings.agriculture sector, income, rural sector, savings

Techno-economics optimization of H2 and CO2 compression for renewable energy storage and power-to-gas applications

The decarbonization of the industrial sector is imperative to achieve a sustainable future. Carbon capture and storage technologies are the leading options, but lately the use of CO2 is also being considered as a very attractive alternative that approaches a circular economy. In this regard, power to gas is a promising option to take advantage of renewable H2 by converting it, together with the captured CO2, into renewable gases, in particular renewable methane. As renewable energy production, or the mismatch between renewable production and consumption, is not constant, it is essential to store renewable H2 or CO2 to properly run a methanation installation and produce renewable gas. This work analyses and optimizes the system layout and storage pressure and presents an annual cost (including CAPEX and OPEX) minimization. Results show the proper compression stages need to achieve the storage pressure that minimizes the system cost. This pressure is just below the supercritical pressure for CO2 and at lower pressures for H2, around 67 bar. This last quantity is in agreement with the usual pressures to store and distribute natural gas. Moreover, the H2 storage costs are higher than that of CO2, even with lower mass quantities; this is due to the lower H2 density compared with CO2 . Finally, it is concluded that the compressor costs are the most relevant costs for CO2 compression, but the storage tank costs are the most relevant in the case of H

Development of the forward parachute reaction and the age of walking in near term infants: a longitudinal observational study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Near term infants are a main part of preterms. They are at higher risk for mortality and morbidity than term infants and could show a quite different development of tone and reflexes from them. The aim of the present study was to describe longitudinally, in a large sample of healthy near term infants, the development of the forward parachute reaction (FPR) and its correlation with the age of acquisition of independent walking.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The assessment of FPR (as absent, incomplete or complete) was performed at 3, 6, 9, 12 months of corrected age in 484 infants, with a gestational age between 35.0 and 36.9 weeks. The age of acquisition of independent walking was monitored until its appearance. A correlation analysis was done between the age of walking and the acquisition of a complete or incomplete FPR, using the Spearman Rank correlation. The Mann-Withney U test was used to identify significant gestational age differences for the age of FPR appearance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most of infants had a two-step development pattern. In fact, they showed at first an incomplete and then a complete FPR, which was observed more frequently at 9 months. An incomplete FPR only, without a successive maturation to a complete FPR, was present in the 21% of the whole sample. Infants with a complete FPR walked at a median age of 13 months, whereas those with an incomplete FPR only walked at a median age of 14 months.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We identified two groups within our sample of near term infants. The first group showed a progressive maturation of FPR, whereas the second one was characterised by the inability to get a complete pattern, within the one year observation's period. Furthermore, we observed a trend toward a delayed acquisition of independent walking in the latter group of infants.</p

Neurophysiological Measures and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): Hypothesizing Links between Clinical Severity Index and Molecular Neurobiological Patterns

In 1987, Cloninger proposed a clinical description and classification of different personality traits genetically defined and independent from each other. Moreover, he elaborated a specific test the TCI to investigate these traits/states. The study of craving in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) assumed a greater significance, since ever more data seems to suggest a direct correlation between high levels of craving and a higher risk of relapse in alcoholics. Thus, our study aim is to explore the possible correlations among TCI linked molecular neurobiological pattern (s), craving and alcohol addiction severity measures in a sample of Italian alcoholics

Just Drink a Glass of Water? Effects of Bicarbonate-Sulfate-Calcium-Magnesium Water on the Gut-Liver Axis

Background and Aim: Fonte Essenziale (R) water is a bicarbonate-sulfate-calcium-magnesium water, low in sodium, recognized by the Italian health care system in hydropinotherapy and hepatobiliary dyspepsia therapy. We wanted to explore its effects on the gut-liver axis and microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.Patients and Methods: We considered enrollment for 70 patients, of which four were excluded. We finally enrolled 55 patients with ultrasound-documented steatosis (SPs+) and 11 patients without it (SPs-). They then drank 400 ml of water for 6 months in the morning on an empty stomach. Routine hematochemical and metabolic parameters, oxidative stress parameters, gastrointestinal hormone levels, and fecal parameters of the gut microbiota were evaluated at three different assessment times, at baseline (T0), after 6 months (T6), and after a further 6 months of water washout (T12). We lost, in follow-up, 4 (T6) and 22 (T12) patients.Results: Between T0-T6, we observed a significant Futuin A and Selenoprotein A decrease and a GLP-1 and PYY increase in SPs+ and the same for Futuin A and GLP-1 in SPs-. Effects were lost at T12. In SPs+, between T0-T12 and T6-12, a significant reduction in Blautia was observed; between T0-T12, a reduction of Collinsella unc. was observed; and between T0-T12 and T6-12, an increase in Subdoligranulum and Dorea was observed. None of the bacterial strains we analyzed varied significantly in the SPs- population.Conclusion: These results indicate beneficial effects of water on gastrointestinal hormones and hence on the gut-liver axis in the period in which subjects drank water both in SPs- and in SPs+

Influencia de la eficiencia energética, las energías renovables y las condiciones socioeconómicas en previsiones futuras de las emisiones de CO2.

La realización de este trabajo consiste en el estudio y el análisis de factores que influyen en las emisiones de CO2. Los factores influyentes en las emisiones de CO2 que se van a estudiar y analizar en el trabajo son los factores socioeconómicos, como la población y el producto interior bruto (PIB), la eficiencia energética y el uso de energías renovables. Se realizarán distintos escenarios de estos factores influyentes para calcular las emisiones totales y analizar la viabilidad de los escenarios según los resultados obtenidos. El estudio se realiza tanto a nivel global como por países y regiones, realizándose estimaciones en cada una de las variables influyentes. Para el cálculo de las emisiones de CO2 se va a utilizar la Identidad de Kaya, que nos relaciona la eficiencia energética, la intensidad de carbono y las condiciones socioeconómicas, como la población y el PIB. Con los resultados obtenidos de los distintos escenarios propuestos, se llega a la conclusión de la importancia de un crecimiento socioeconómico menor con respecto al de las últimas décadas, el progreso de tecnologías más eficientes y la utilización de fuentes de energía renovables para lograr los objetivos medioambientales propuestos por organizaciones gubernamentales, como el Acuerdo de París, cuyo objetivo es limitar el calentamiento mundial por debajo de los 2°C. Para cumplir el objetivo de emisiones de CO2 de este escenario, en el que hay una limitación de temperatura fijada por el Acuerdo de París, se observa la importancia de realizar cambios tecnológicos, socioeconómicos y energéticos importantes para mejorar la situación medioambiental actual.<br /