Structure of social relations in the novel \emph{The Master and Margarita} by M. A. Bulgakov: A network analysis of verbal communications

A network analysis of the structure of social relationships in one of the most popular Russian novels of the Soviet era The Master and Margarita by M. Bulgakov has been carried out. The structure of the novel is complex (`a story within a story'); the real-world- and the other-world-characters are interacting. A complex and unusual structure of the character network is expected. Presumably, the network may be split in two subgraphs owing very different properties. This complex and unusual composition makes the novel especially attractive for a network analysis. In our study, only paired verbal communications between explicitly present and acting characters have been taken into account. Based on a character pair verbal communication matrix, a graph has been constructed, the vertices of which are the characters of the novel, while the edges correspond to the connections between them. Taking only dialog into account leads to the result, that the character network can be described by an ordinary, rather than a directed graph. Since the activity of the dialogs was out of our scope, the edges have been given no weights. The largest connected component of the graph consists of 76 characters. Centralities were computed to characterize the network. The assortativity coefficient of the network under consideration is negative -0.133, i.e., the network does not demonstrate the properties of a social network. The structure of the communities in the network was also analysed. In addition to the obvious large communities - the characters from the Yershalaim part of the novel and the characters of the Moscow part - the analysis also revealed a fine structure in the Moscow component. Using the analysis of centralities, a group of main characters has been detected. The central characters of the novel are Bezdomny, Woland, Levi Matthew, Koroviev, Azazello, Behemoth, Bosoi, Warenukha, Master, and Margarita.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, 39 reference

Memory Problems in the Book of Le Goff «History and Memory»

Поступила в редакцию: 31.08.2020. Принята к печати: 30.10.2020.Submitted: 31.08.2020. Accepted: 30.10.2020.Книга Ж. Ле Гоффа «История и память», выпущенная в русском переводе в 2013 г., состоит из четырех текстов, посвященных размышлению ученого о памяти и истории. Автор — знаменитый французский историк, принадлежавший к школе «новой исторической науки», которая группировалась возле не менее знаменитого журнала «Анналы». На первый взгляд, обращение к работе представителя этой школы не совсем уместно в контексте проблем памяти и забвения. Но ряд положений и идей в книге Жака Ле Гоффа имеет непосредственное отношение к мемориальной тематике. Это проблемы манипуляций памятью и историей, анализ идеи прогресса, оригинальная типология памяти, память и «антипамять», формирование механизмов коллективной и социальной памяти.The book written by J. Lee Goff «History and Memory» and published in Russian translation in 2013, consists of four texts devoted to the scientist’s reflections on memory and history. The author is a famous French historian who belongs to «new historical science» school, which grouped around the equally famous journal «Annals». At first, an appeal to the work of a representative of this school is seemed not entirely appropriate in the context of problems of memory and oblivion. But a number of provisions and ideas, in the book of Jacques Le Goff, are directly related to the memorial theme. These are the problems of manipulating memory and history, analysis of the idea of progress, original typology of memory, memory and «anti-memory», the formation of mechanisms of collective and social memory

Дистанционные возможности организации подготовки студентов к предметным олимпиадам

The work is devoted to the development of electronic educational resource of students training for the all-Russian and international subject Olympiads on the URFU department of theoretical mechanics. The work presents the features of the resource, its structure, and also examines the advantages of this resource over the classical methods.Работа посвящена разработке электронно-образовательного ресурса для подготовки студентов к всероссийским и международным предметным олимпиадам на кафедре теоретической механики УрФУ. В работе излагаются особенности создания данного ресурса, его структура, а также рассматриваются преимущества данного ресурса перед классическими методами

Test control of knowledge as a means of assessment of learning outcomes in theoretical mechanics

В работе описывается переход от традиционных форм приема экзамена к экзамену в тестовой форме с использованием компьютерных технологий на кафедре теоретической механики УрФУ.The paper describes the transition from traditional forms of exams to the exams in a test form using computer technology at the Department of Theoretical Mechanics UrFU

Assessment of the humoral immune response in children after immunization with different types of inactivated influenza vaccines in the 2019-2020 season

Causing millions of cases worldwide every year, influenza is one of the most common respiratory infections. The effectiveness of influenza vaccination and the nature of the resulting immune response may vary depending on the vaccine composition and age group. Since children are at the highest risk of disease and act as the main carriers of influenza, the assessment of the immunological efficacy of vaccines in this group is crucial for controlling the epidemic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the humoral immune response in children after immunization with various types of inactivated influenza vaccines. An observational study was conducted in the 2019-2020 season and involved 230 children (< 18 years old) and a comparison group of 87 adults aged 18 to 60 years. The subjects, who provided informed consent to participate, were vaccinated with one of three vaccines (Grippol Plus, Sovigripp, or Ultrix) in an open-label fashion. The humoral immune response was assessed by measuring the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer in the paired sera taken before and three weeks after vaccination. The immunogenicity of the vaccines in the age group under 18, met the CPMP criteria for the assessment of inactivated influenza vaccines in terms of the fold increase in antibody titers and the proportion of individuals with seroconversion to all three components (A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2, and B/Victoria). Although 6 to 18-year-old participants showed a more robust immune response to the B/Victoria component compared to the adult participants (aged 18 to 60), it was insufficient to ensure that 70% of the participants have a protective antibody titer. A comparative analysis of the vaccines’ immunogenicity was carried out for a subgroup of children aged 6-18 who had initially low antibody levels at the time of vaccination. The analysis showed that the split vaccine Ultrix outperformed the adjuvanted vaccine Grippol Plus in generating an antibody response to the component B/Victoria; however, the antibody responses to the A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2 components did not differ between the two vaccines. The children under 6 years of age demonstrated a less pronounced humoral immune response to vaccination compared with the other age groups, which may be due to the age-related characteristics of the immune system in children of preschool age

Opportunities and clinical significance of preoperative diagnosis of infiltrative endometriosis

Aim. To optimize preoperative diagnosis of infiltrative forms of genital endometriosis. Materials and methods. We analyzed the results of the preoperative examination and surgical treatment of 667 patients from 22 to 49 years old (31.4 [27.3; 34.2]) with external endometriosis presented with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (n=580), and primary or secondary infertility (n=215). The duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 16 years. Seventy-eight (11.69%) patients had a history of surgery for external endometriosis. The serum concentration of the CA-125 tumor marker was measured by immunochemiluminescence assay. Colonoscopy was performed in 655 cases, and cystoscopy in 66 cases. In addition, pelvic ultrasound was performed for all patients. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with an intravenous bolus injection of a contrast agent. Results. Patients with endometrioid ovarian cysts (n=564) and "minor" forms of endometriosis (n=44) predominated. Endometrioid infiltrates occurred in 59 (8.84%) patients. In the group of patients with infiltrates, 18.64% had a history of surgery for endometriosis; 5.7% had a recurrence. Patients with retrocervical endometriosis and endometriosis of uterosacral ligaments predominated among females with infiltrative forms. No statistically significant differences in CA-125 concentration between patients with and without infiltrates were observed. The infiltrate was revealed, and its topography was described in 49 (83.05%) patients using ultrasound and 56 (94.81%) patients using MRI. All patients with dysuria had ultrasound, MRI, colonoscopy and cystoscopy. Conclusion. The combined use of pelvic ultrasound and MRI provides high accuracy in diagnosing infiltrative endometriosis

Первичная инвалидность вследствие глаукомы в Красноярском крае

PURPOSE. Assessment of the state of primary disability (PD) caused by glaucoma in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Region over time in the period from 2017 to 2021.METHODS. The information from the reporting documentation of the Bureaus of Medical and Social Expertise (MSE) of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Region for 2017–2021 was analyzed. The analysis of primary disability indicators was carried out for two age groups of the adult population: individuals of working age (men aged 18–59; women aged 18–54) and individuals of retirement age (men aged 60 and older; women aged 55 and older). The obtained results were processed using the Statistica 10.0 software (StatSoft, USA).RESULTS. During 2017–2021 in the Krasnoyarsk Region, 1930 adults were recognized for the first time as disabled due to an ocular pathology. Glaucoma occupied the first ranking place — 31.0% (599) of cases in the structure of primary disability. Individuals of retirement age became disabled in 86.8% (520) of cases. Residents of the cities of the region became disabled in 69.1% (414) of cases. Males dominated among those who were recognized as disabled for the first time (RDF) due to glaucoma — 60.4% (362) of cases. The level of PD for glaucoma among the adult population of the region in 2017 was 0.52, in 2018 — 0.52, in 2019 — 0.59, in 2020 — 0.44, in 2021 — 0.57 per 10 thousand adult population. For five years, there was an increase in the level of PD due to glaucoma by 50% among the able-bodied urban population of the region, by 45.6% among senior citizens, by 110% among the able-bodied village population. In persons of retirement age living in rural areas of the region, the prevalence of PD decreased by 21.1%. The maximum values of the intensive indicator of PD were determined for men of retirement age: in 2017 — 3.6 per 10 thousand, in 2021 — 3.8 per 10 thousand of the corresponding population of the region. Formation of the contingent of disabled people occurred mainly due to the RDF of I and II disability groups. The proportion of group I disability was the largest — 40.4% (242/599) of cases. People with group I disability were more often treated with local antihypertensive drugs, were operated on at stage 3 of glaucoma.CONCLUSION. To reduce primary disability for glaucoma it is necessary to increase preventive efforts, timely use modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, including surgery, and ensure sufficient availability of ophthalmological personnel and high-tech equipment.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка состояния первичной инвалидности (ПИ) вследствие глаукомы у взрослого населения Красноярского края в динамике за период с 2017 по 2021 гг.МЕТОДЫ. Проанализированы сведения из отчетной документации учреждений медико-социальной экспертизы России и Красноярского края за 2017–2021 годы. Анализ ПИ проведен по двум возрастным группам: гражданам трудоспособного возраста (мужчины 18–59 лет; женщины 18–54 лет) и гражданам пенсионного возраста (мужчины 60 лет и старше; женщины 55 лет и старше).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В 2017–2021 гг. в Красноярском крае впервые признаны инвалидами (ВПИ) вследствие патологии органа зрения 1930 человек в возрасте от 18 лет. В структуре ПИ глаукома занимала первое ранговое место — 31,0% (599) случаев. В 86,8% (520) случаев инвалидами становились граждане пенсионного возраста, в 69,1% (414) — жители городов края. Среди ВПИ преобладали мужчины — 60,4% (362) случаев. Уровень ПИ по глаукоме среди взрослого населения в 2017 году составлял 0,52, в 2018 году — 0,52, в 2019 году — 0,59, в 2020 году – 0,44, в 2021 году — 0,57 на 10 тыс. населения. За 5 лет произошло увеличение ПИ вследствие глаукомы на 50% среди трудоспособного городского населения, на 45,6% среди пенсионеров-горожан, на 110% среди трудоспособных жителей села. У лиц пенсионного возраста, проживающих в сельских территориях, ПИ снизилась на 21,1%. Максимальные значения интенсивного показателя ПИ определены у мужчин пенсионного возраста: в 2017 году — 3,6 на 10 тыс., в 2021 году — 3,8 на 10. тыс. соответствующего населения края. Формирование контингента инвалидов происходило преимущественно за счет ВПИ I и II групп. Доля ВПИ I группы была наибольшей — 40,4% (242/599) случаев. Инвалидов I группы отличала бо́льшая частота использования местной гипотензивной терапии и проведения гипотензивных операций при далеко зашедшей стадии заболевания на лучше видящем глазу.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Вопросы, связанные с ПИ по глаукоме, диктуют необходимость усиления профилактики, своевременного использования современных методов диагностики и лечения больных глаукомой, в том числе хирургического. Это возможно при достаточной обеспеченности медицинских организаций первичного звена офтальмологическими кадрами и актуальным высокотехнологичным оборудованием