21 research outputs found
Towards A Massive Open Online Course for Cybersecurity in Smart Grids β A Roadmap Strategy
The major trends and transformations in energy systems have brought many challenges, and cybersecurity and operational security are among the most important issues to consider. First, due to the criticality of the energy sector. Second, due to the lack of smart girdsβ cybersecurity professionals. Previous research has highlighted skill gaps and shortage in cybersecurity training and education in this sector. Accordingly, we proceeded by crafting a roadmap strategy to foster cybersecurity education in smart grids. This paper outlines the methodology of teaching cybersecurity in smart grids to a large group of students in selected European universities via implementing a Massive Open Online Course. Unlike other solutions, this one focuses on hands-on practical skills without trading-off theoretical knowledge. Thus, flipped learning methodology and gamification practices were used to maximize retention rate. Also, a remote lab that includes a real-time simulator was established for training. Here, the process, outcome, and obstacles to overcome in future deployments, are presented.Β©2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
Enhancing Smart Grid Resilience : An Educational Approach to Smart Grid Cybersecurity Skill Gap Mitigation
Cybersecurity competencies are critical in the smart grid ecosystem, considering its growing complexity and expanding utilization. The smart grid environment integrates different sensors, control systems, and communication networks, thus augmenting the potential attack vectors for cyber criminals. Therefore, interdisciplinary competencies are required from smart grid cybersecurity specialists. In the meantime, there is a lack of competence models that define the required skills, considering smart grid job profiles and the technological landscape. This paper aims to investigate the skill gaps and trends in smart grid cybersecurity and propose an educational approach to mitigate these gaps. The educational approach aims to provide guidance for competence-driven cybersecurity education programs for the design, execution, and evaluation of smart grids.Β© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
Organization and Implementation of Online Cytology Quality Assurance Program β Georgian Experience
Medical information system (MIS) is at the heart of information technology (IT) implementation policies in healthcare systems around the world. Different architecture and application models of MIS are developed. Despite of obvious advantages and benefits, application of MIS in everyday practice is slow. On the background of analysis of the existing models of MIS in Georgia has been created a multi-user web-based approach. This article will present the architecture of the system and its application for cytology quality assurance programs. Five hundred Georgian language electronic medical records from the cervical screening activity illustrated by images were selected for quality assurance program.Β The primary goal of the MIS is patient management. However, the system can be used for quality assurance programs. The ideal of healthcare in the information age must be to create a situation where healthcare professionals spend more time creating knowledge from medical information and less time managing medical information. The application of easily available and adaptable technology and improvement of the infrastructure conditions is the basis for eHealth applications. The MIS is perspective and actual technology solution. It can be used for cytology quality assurance programs
ITIL Self-assessment Approach for Small and Medium Digital Agencies/ ITIL paΕ‘novΔrtΔjuma pieeja mazΔm un vidΔjΔm digitΔlΔm aΔ£entΕ«rΔm/ ΠΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ITIL Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²
Π ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ’ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ’ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°. ITIL (ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Β«Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΒ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ’ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ITIL ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ITIL ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Β«Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΒ» Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ITIL. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ITIL. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ITIL ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ITIL. ΠΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ’ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ - Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ 14 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ITIL, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ FitSM, ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² TIPA ΠΈ FedSM, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ISO/IEC 15504 Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ, Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² FedSM. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ITIL Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ITIL, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½
The Evaluation of Capabilities of Intellectual Intrusion Detection Systems for the Use in Web- Based Information Systems
Nowadays with vast growing number of network information systems and their integration not only into work but also into peopleβs private life, security assurance of industrial and private information assets is becoming an extremely sensitive and topical issue. There is a huge number of available non- commercial (free of charge) and commercial methods for information protection from unauthorized access of undesirable individuals. Currently, studies in the field of information security focus on the use of various intellectual data mining techniques for building an intellectual information security system. Such security systems roughly (for the purpose of this paper) can be divided into intrusion protection and intrusion detection systems IPS and IDS, respectively [1]
ITIL Self-assessment Approach for Small and Medium Digital Agencies
In a growing world of Information Technology, entrepreneurs, start-ups and SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) require a good mechanism of delivering a good service. Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is identified to be the best and most popular βbest practicesβ framework. However, implementing ITIL not only is very difficult but there are also no best practices for implementing it. As a result, ITIL implementations are usually long, expensive and risky. This paper proposes an approach to identify and assess small business specific ITIL implementation and provide a roadmap for improvement based on the assessment results, business needs and guidelines. The proposed guidelines were used practically to assess and implement ITIL processes in a real- world digital agency
The Analysis and Modelling of Social Networks: Leader Identification and Information Dissemination
Individuals, who have more connections with others in the social network, can have more chances to influence others. Therefore, this study aims to identify groups of users with maximum joint influential power in order to help companies to conduct online marketing and reputation management. The method proposed in this study can be used to identify influential groups, on the basis of data from SNS. The proposed method will allow building a social network model, which will beΒ used to simulate different scenarios in order to predict the speed of information dissemination
Transport Simulation Model Calibration with Two-Step Cluster Analysis Procedure
The calibration results of transport simulation model depend on selected parameters and their values. The aim of the present paper is to calibrate a transport simulation model by a two-step cluster analysis procedure to improve the reliability of simulation model results. Two global parameters have been considered: headway and simulation step. Normal, uniform and exponential headway generation models have been selected for headway. Application of two-step cluster analysis procedure to the calibration procedure has allowed reducing time needed for simulation step and headway generation model value selection
State of the Art in the Healthcare Cyber-physical Systems
For several years, experts from different fields are interested in virtual and physical world interaction opportunities. Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are developed to integrate real physical processes and virtual computational processes.Β Β CPSs are used in multiple areas such as medicine, traffic management and security, automotive engineering, industrial and process control, energy saving, ecological monitoring and management, avionics and space equipment, industrial robots, technical infrastructure management, distributed robotic systems, protection target systems, nanotechnology and biological systems technology. CPS sensors generate the sensitive data that must be protected and shared only in a secure manner. This paper provides an overview of CPSs, their application in medicine and compliance with existing standards and possibilities for further advanced system development
State of the Art in the Healthcare Cyber-physical Systems/ VeselΔ«bas aizsardzΔ«bas kiberfizikΔlo sistΔmu apskats Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ - ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ- ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π° Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
- ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π»Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° Π±Π΅Π· Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
, Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·: ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π² Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ² Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ