6 research outputs found
“Chiral-at-Metal” Hemilabile Nickel Complexes with a Latent d<sup>10</sup>-ML<sub>2</sub> Configuration: Receiving Substrates with Open Arms
Complexes with highly reactive stereogenic metal centers
are of
great interest to asymmetric synthesis. Thus, by reacting [Ni(COD)<sub>2</sub>] with 2 equiv of the P-alkene ligand (<i>S</i>)-<b>5</b> ((<i>S</i>)-(+)-<i>N</i>-(3,5-dioxa-4-phosphacyclohepta[2,1-<i>a</i>;3,4-<i>a</i>′]dinaphthalen-4-yl)dibenz[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepine) or (<i>S</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><i>,S</i><sub><i>C</i></sub>)<i>-</i><b>6</b> ((2<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>)-(-)-<i>N</i>-(aza-3-oxa-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-4-on-2-yl)dibenz[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepine), the diastereomerically and
enantiomerically pure tetrahedral complexes (Δ,<i>S,S</i>)-[Ni(<b>5</b>-κ<i>P</i>,η<sup>2</sup>-alkene)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>2a</b>) and (Δ,<i>S</i><sub>P</sub><i>,S</i><sub>C</sub><i>,S</i><sub>P<i>′</i></sub><i>,S</i><sub>C<i>′</i></sub>)-[Ni(<b>6</b>-κ<i>P</i>,η<sup>2</sup>-alkene)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>2b</b>) were
obtained in almost quantitative yields on multigram scales. The Ni
atoms showed in both cases stable Δ configurations. Even though
these Ni(0) complexes were air stable in the solid state, once dissolved,
complex <b>2a</b> readily activated CS<sub>2</sub>, alkynes,
and enones as the formal d<sup>10</sup>-ML<sub>2</sub> fragment [Ni(<b>5</b>-κ<i>P</i>)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>4</b>)
to form adducts <b>8</b>–<b>11</b>. This is possible
thanks to the decoordination of the hemilabile alkene arms of the
P-alkene ligands, and the X-ray crystal structures of the CS<sub>2</sub> and 4-ethynyltoluene adducts confirmed the η<sup>2</sup> coordination
modes of the substrates and the concomitant opening up of the alkene
arms of ligand <b>5</b>. The coordination of α,β-unsaturated
carbonyl compounds in complexes <b>11a</b>–<b>c</b> was reversible
“Chiral-at-Metal” Hemilabile Nickel Complexes with a Latent d<sup>10</sup>-ML<sub>2</sub> Configuration: Receiving Substrates with Open Arms
Complexes with highly reactive stereogenic metal centers
are of
great interest to asymmetric synthesis. Thus, by reacting [Ni(COD)<sub>2</sub>] with 2 equiv of the P-alkene ligand (<i>S</i>)-<b>5</b> ((<i>S</i>)-(+)-<i>N</i>-(3,5-dioxa-4-phosphacyclohepta[2,1-<i>a</i>;3,4-<i>a</i>′]dinaphthalen-4-yl)dibenz[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepine) or (<i>S</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><i>,S</i><sub><i>C</i></sub>)<i>-</i><b>6</b> ((2<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>)-(-)-<i>N</i>-(aza-3-oxa-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-4-on-2-yl)dibenz[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepine), the diastereomerically and
enantiomerically pure tetrahedral complexes (Δ,<i>S,S</i>)-[Ni(<b>5</b>-κ<i>P</i>,η<sup>2</sup>-alkene)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>2a</b>) and (Δ,<i>S</i><sub>P</sub><i>,S</i><sub>C</sub><i>,S</i><sub>P<i>′</i></sub><i>,S</i><sub>C<i>′</i></sub>)-[Ni(<b>6</b>-κ<i>P</i>,η<sup>2</sup>-alkene)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>2b</b>) were
obtained in almost quantitative yields on multigram scales. The Ni
atoms showed in both cases stable Δ configurations. Even though
these Ni(0) complexes were air stable in the solid state, once dissolved,
complex <b>2a</b> readily activated CS<sub>2</sub>, alkynes,
and enones as the formal d<sup>10</sup>-ML<sub>2</sub> fragment [Ni(<b>5</b>-κ<i>P</i>)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>4</b>)
to form adducts <b>8</b>–<b>11</b>. This is possible
thanks to the decoordination of the hemilabile alkene arms of the
P-alkene ligands, and the X-ray crystal structures of the CS<sub>2</sub> and 4-ethynyltoluene adducts confirmed the η<sup>2</sup> coordination
modes of the substrates and the concomitant opening up of the alkene
arms of ligand <b>5</b>. The coordination of α,β-unsaturated
carbonyl compounds in complexes <b>11a</b>–<b>c</b> was reversible
s‑Block Metal Dibenzoazepinate Complexes: Evidence for Mg–Alkene Encapsulation
The dibenzo[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepinate (DBAP)
complexes (DBAP)Li·(THF)<sub>3</sub>, (DBAP)<sub>2</sub>Mg·(THF)<sub>2</sub>, and (DBAP)<sub>2</sub>Ca·(THF)<sub>3</sub> could be
isolated as highly air-sensitive compounds in yields of 93%, 72%, and 48%, respectively. Crystal structures
of these THF adducts reveal monomeric complexes in which the degree
of ring puckering depends on the nature of the metal. The most extreme
deviation from planarity is found for the most covalent bound metal,
Mg, but in all cases no interaction between the metal and the azepine
CC bond is observed. The THF-free complex [(DBAP)<sub>2</sub>Mg]<sub>2</sub>, which could be obtained in 77% yield, crystallizes
as an unusual dimer with three bridging and one terminal DBAP ligand.
The bridging DBAP ligands are highly bent and span a cavity in which
a Mg<sup>2+</sup> ion is bound through three alkene–Mg interactions
with an average Mg···C distance of 2.794(3) Å.
Theoretical calculations support these contacts. A combination of
AIM and NPA analyses shows polarization of the alkene π-electron
density toward the metal (vertical polarization) but also demonstrates
a polarization of electron density toward the C atom closest to Mg
(horizontal polarization). Such metal–alkene interactions and
implicit CC bond polarization are key features in main group
metal catalyzed alkene conversions
Chiral (SO)–N–(SO) Sulfoxide Pincer Complexes of Mg, Rh, and Ir: N–H Activation and Selective Sulfoxide Reduction upon Ligand Coordination
Multigram
quantities of the optically pure amino–bis-sulfoxide
ligand (<i>S,S</i>)-bis(4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-2-(<i>p</i>-tolylsulfinyl)phenyl)amine ((<i>S,S</i>)-<b>3</b>) are accessible by in situ lithiation of bis(2-bromo-4-<i>tert</i>-butylphenyl)amine (<b>1</b>) followed by a nucleophilic
displacement reaction with Andersen’s sulfinate <b>2</b>. Deprotonation of (<i>S,S</i>)-<b>3</b> with MgPh<sub>2</sub> yields the magnesium amido–bis-sulfoxide salt (<i>S,S</i>)-<b>4</b> quantitatively. Metathetical exchange
of (<i>S,S</i>)-<b>4</b> with [RhCl(COE)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> affords the optically pure pseudo-<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-symmetric Rh(I)–amido bis-sulfoxide pincer complex <i>mer-</i>(<i>R,R</i>)-[Rh(bis(4-(<i>tert</i>-butyl)-2-(<i>p</i>-tolylsulfinyl)phenyl)amide)(COE)] (<i>mer-</i>(<i>R,R</i>)-<b>5</b>). This complex
reacts with 3 equiv of HCl to give the facial Rh(III) complex <i>fac-</i>(<i>S,R,R</i>)-[Rh(bis(4-(<i>tert</i>-butyl)-2-(<i>p</i>-tolylsulfinyl)phenyl)amine)Cl<sub>3</sub>] (<i>fac-</i>(<i>S,R,R</i>)-<b>6</b>),
in which one of the sulfoxide functions has been reduced to the sulfide
and in which the resulting sulfoxide–sulfide–amine ligand
is facially coordinated. The same complexes <b>5</b> and <b>6</b> form in a 1:2 ratio in a disproportionation reaction when
[RhCl(COE)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> is treated with 2 equiv of neutral
ligand <b>3</b>. N–H activation is directly observed
in the reaction of [IrCl(COE)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> with <b>3</b>, affording the amido–hydrido–Ir(III) complex
[Ir(bis(4-(<i>tert</i>-butyl)-2-(<i>p</i>-tolylsulfinyl)phenyl)amide)(Cl)(H)(COE)]
(<b>8</b>)
Developing P‑Stereogenic, Planar–Chiral P‑Alkene Ligands: Monodentate, Bidentate, and Double Agostic Coordination Modes on Ru(II)
10-Phenyl-5<i>H</i>-dibenz[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepine (<b>5</b>) is synthesized by Suzuki cross
coupling of the protected bromo alkene <b>4</b> with PhB(OH)<sub>2</sub>. <b>5</b> reacts with PCl<sub>3</sub> to afford the
dichlorophosphanyl-azepine <b>6</b> in >90% yield. Alkylation
of <b>6</b> with 1 equiv of <i>t</i>-BuMgBr leads,
after recrystallization in Et<sub>2</sub>O, to the diastereomerically
enriched (<i>dr</i> > 98:2) chloride <i>rac</i>-<b>7</b>, which the crystal structure reveals to be the (p<i>S</i>,<i>R</i><sub>P</sub>)/(p<i>R</i>,<i>S</i><sub>P</sub>) pair. The fact that <i>rac</i>-<b>7</b> crystallizes in the Sohncke space group <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub> opens up the possibility
of a mechanical separation of the enantiomers. Methylation of <i>rac</i>-<b>7</b> is perfectly stereoselective with inversion
of configuration at the P atom to yield the new ligand <i>rac</i>-<b>8</b> as the (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)/(<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>) pair. The corresponding BH<sub>3</sub>-protected diastereomer <i>rac</i>-<b>9</b> (i.e.,
the (<i>R</i>,<i>S</i>)/(<i>S</i>,<i>R</i>) pair), is isolated after flash column chromatography
in 73% yield. Compounds <b>5</b>–<b>9</b> are accessible
in multigram quantities. X-ray crystal structures of Ru(II) complexes
demonstrate the ambidentate nature of ligand <i>rac</i>-<b>8</b>: Complex <b>10</b> is exclusively P-coordinated, while
in complex <b>11</b> two ligands bind Ru through their P donors
and stabilize the 14-electron metal center with a double agostic interaction.
In complex <b>12</b>, the ligand coordinates in a κ<i>P</i>,η<sup>2</sup>-alkene bidentate fashion
<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>‑Symmetric (SO)N(SO) Sulfoxide Pincer Complexes of Mg and Pd: Helicity Switch by Ambidentate <i>S</i>/<i>O</i>‑Coordination and Isolation of a Chiral Pd-Sulfenate
Quinine-based (<i>R</i>)-<i>tert</i>-butylsulfinate <b>3</b> reacts with
tris-lithiated bis-arylamide <b>2</b> to
afford gram-quantities of optically pure (S*O)N(S*O) sulfoxide pincer
ligand (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-<b>4</b>. Deprotonation
of (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-<b>4</b> and <i>p</i>-Tol-substituted analogue (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<b>5</b> with MgPh<sub>2</sub> and BnK yields respective
Mg and K amido-bis-sulfoxides <b>6</b>–<b>9</b>. In Mg complexes <b>6</b> and <b>7</b>, the sulfoxide
functions are <i>O</i>-coordinated, thereby imparting a
pronounced helicity to the ligand backbone. Transmetalation of <b>6</b> and <b>7</b> with [PdCl<sub>2</sub>(NCPh)<sub>2</sub>] affords the <i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-coordinated <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-symmetric and the <i>O</i>,<i>S</i>-coordinated <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-symmetric chlorido
complexes <b>10</b> and <b>11</b>, respectively, and reaction
of potassium amides <b>8</b> and <b>9</b> with [PdCl(CH<sub>3</sub>)(COD)] leads to methyl-palladium pincer complexes <b>12</b> and <b>13</b>, respectively. The crystal structures of <b>6</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b> reveal
a chameleonic ligand system with predictable behavior: (<i>R</i>)-configured <b>4</b> induces pronounced λ backbone helicity
in the <i>O</i>-coordinated Mg-complex and weaker δ
helicity in <i>S</i>-coordinated Pd-complexes, while (<i>S</i>)-configured ligand <b>5</b> mirrors this stereochemistry. <i>S</i>-Coordination induces stronger, <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-symmetric, steric crowding in the head-on quadrants compared
to <i>O</i>-coordination. When (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-<b>4</b> is reacted with 2 equiv of [Pd(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(tmeda)], crystalline chiral Pd-sulfenate complex <b>16</b> forms by elimination of <i>iso</i>-butene and
methane with inversion of configuration at the sulfenate S atom