Molecular genetic aspects of diagnostics and identification of phoma blight agents

Molecular phytopathological monitoring offorest nurseries revealed nine major Phomaspecies, which caused needle blight of pine and spruce (Ph. pomorum, Ph. macrostoma, Ph. herbarum, Ph.sp. 1-6). Comparative analysis of diagnostic loci identified major types of species differences, which are represented by mononucleotide substitutions, oligonucleotide deletions and insertions. Genus specific rDNA primers were designed for the subsequent diagnosis of pathogens in plant material and soil by PCR-assay

The Determination of Metals in Welding Fume by X-Ray-Spectrometry

Analysis of the current hygienic situation in the welding production showed that the intensification of welding processes involves the deterioration of air quality, which negatively affects the welders health. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. The metal concentration in the air of the working area have been determined using the photometric method of analysis, which involves the stage of decomposition of the sample material before analysis. However, losses of the analyzed elements are possible when the sample is decomposed. The X-ray fluorescence method of analysis has the advantage of being nondestructive. The investigations shown the data of photometric determination of metals in welding aerosols is 1.5(-:)2 times lower than the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis

Dynamics of wear of details is cylinder of piston group of engines of cars of vaz depending on work

Наведено динаміку зношування деталей циліндро-поршневої групи двигунів автомобілів ВАЗ й визначено причинно-наслідковий характер процесів зношування. Показано, що підвищені зноси поршнів властиві кільцевим канавкам і зоні юбки по перетину, який є перпендикулярним поршневому пальцю. Оцінкою зносів канавок виступає залежність, яка характеризує знос робочих поверхонь канавки під верхнє компресійне кільце, оскільки саме ця канавка найбільш навантажена й має найбільшу інтенсивність зношування. При цьому, інтенсивність зношування кільцевих канавок поршнів невелика, що пояснюється порівняно малими зносами циліндрів блоку двигунів, а поперечний рух кілець у канавці, в результаті якого вона зношується, безпосередньо пов’язаний зі зміною діаметрів циліндра в його верхньому і нижньому поясах. In the article the dynamics of wear of details of cylinder and piston group of engines of cars of VASES is resulted and determined cause and effect character of processes of wear. It is shown, that promoted wear of pistons it is incident to the circular ditches and area of skirt on crossing which athwart to the piston finger. As estimation of wears of ditches, dependence which characterizes the wear of working surfaces of ditch under an overhead compression ring is resulted, as exactly this ditch is most loaded and had most intensity of wear. Thus, intensity of wear of circular ditches of pistons is comparatively small, that is explained comparatively by the small wears of cylinders of block of engines, and transversal motion of rings in a ditch, as a result of which she wears out, is directly related to the change of diameters of cylinder in his overhead and lower belts