The Determination of Metals in Welding Fume by X-Ray-Spectrometry

Analysis of the current hygienic situation in the welding production showed that the intensification of welding processes involves the deterioration of air quality, which negatively affects the welders health. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. The metal concentration in the air of the working area have been determined using the photometric method of analysis, which involves the stage of decomposition of the sample material before analysis. However, losses of the analyzed elements are possible when the sample is decomposed. The X-ray fluorescence method of analysis has the advantage of being nondestructive. The investigations shown the data of photometric determination of metals in welding aerosols is 1.5(-:)2 times lower than the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis

Conception of low-rise earthquake-resistant energy-efficient buildings

The article proposes a new earthquake-resistant technology of low-rise building with increased energy efficiency and long-life operation. The proposed solution allows to build low-rise buildings with increased resistance to natural and man-made disasters. The building is frame (made of tube-concrete) and also completely monolithic, where foundation, all walls, floors and roof are filled of polystirolconcrete (composed of concrete and polystyrene), which forms a monolithic construction

Differential Sensor for PH Monitoring of Environmental Objects

Differential pH sensor is proposed. Reference electrode and measuring electrode are the same type. Reference electrode is immersed in standard buffer solution with known pH value. The differential pH sensor has longer service life as compared with the traditionally used sensors with silver chloride reference electrode. Ultrasonic cleaning system is proposed to clean the primary measuring transducer from pollution that form as result of silting during long-term operation with the sensor

Soil ph Control in the Mobile Corrosion Monitoring

Corrosion monitoring methods and pH measuring devices are studied. Considering the heterogeneity of the soil pH, depending on depth and sampling points, it is advisable to use solid-state potentiometric sensors that are capable of pH measuring with an error not exceeding 0.2 pH units. In the process of the pipeline installation necessary to control the soil pH value. While it is impossible to predict what kind of horizon will be in contact with the pipe material at different points. This problem requires future development of technique for the correct pH measuring for the purpose of mobile pipeline corrosion monitoring. When using cathodic protection has been required find the balance between the parameters which prevent the corrosion reactions and also take into account the hydrogen absorption on surface of the pipes material

Hydrosphere objects screening control to detect emergency oil spill

The current importance is caused by the need to improve the methodological and instrumental support, which corresponds to modern conditions and regional features, being one of the fundamental challenges before the environmental monitoring systems. Screening approach to solving this problem will become more advanced analytical tool condition monitoring of water bodies, especially those located in remote and difficult to access areas with high anthropogenic impact - oil production areas, allowing identifying quickly the occurrence of abnormal and emergency situations, leading to a negative impact on the environment, and taking more effective measures to eliminate them. The aim of the research is to prove water resources screening control methodology of remote oil production areas for detecting emergency oil spills on the example of Tomsk region. The research methods. It is proposed to use a screening approach to obtain information on the quality of natural waters, as well as timely detection of emergency situations occurred on the oil production and transportation facilities, leading to oil discharges to water bodies, together with the use of automated remote sensing methods and GIS technologies. For this purpose the environmental and geochemical conditions of water bodies in the accommodation areas of oil and gas companies were analyzed. The results and conclusions. The evaluation of the characteristic substances in the surface waters of the Ob River basin is carried out. The excess of the established water quality standards in most cases is caused by regional features of formation of their composition. The main difference of waste water composition of oil and gas complex of Siberia from the regional surface waters is expressed in rather larger content of Na+, Cl- ions, the sum of the main ions. The petroleum hydrocarbon content in produced waste water, sludge pits waters differs significantly from their concentrations in wetlands and its associated rivers and groundwater, which confirms the need to improve the effluents control and implementation of emergency early warning systems. It is necessary to use direct indicators (total petroleum hydrocarbons content by the fluorescence response) together with the indirect ones (chloride ion concentration, conductivity) as screening criteria in the accident detection methodology in oil production and transportation areas. It is caused by the peculiarities of their identification in natural aquatic environments. It was ascertained that the detection of anthropogenic oil pollution would be most reliable at concentrations from 1 mg/dm3 at a distance from the potential sources not more than 500 m

Assessment of the sustainability of the development of the regions of the Siberian Federal District according to the degree of achievement of Goal 7 of the MDGs

This work presents the analysis of Siberian Federal District regions s major social-ecological-economic statistics based on research of the indicators of the Goal 7 “Ensuring Environmental Sustainability” of UN Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The results are analysed and discussed. Goal 7 contains three objectives and eight indicators. Energy intensity can be considered a key indicator of sustainability. The analysis of the socialeconomic development programs of the Siberian Federal District regions shows that most of the regions have not yet achieved the indicator levels of Goal 7, and the progress towards the goals is uneven. The regional authorities need to correct the programs of social-economic development in order to achieve the UN MDG goals. The comparison between Goal 7 indicators and goal progress results makes clear that the regions should pay more attention to the social-economic development directions as a basis for the development of the natural, economic and societal capital

Risk management technique of landslides activation with account of seismic activity factor in Kyrgyzstan

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью управления риском активизации оползневых процессов на территории Киргизской Республики, которые наносят ощутимый экономический, экологический и социальный ущерб и приводят к большим человеческим жертвам. Это имеет большое значение для рационального природопользования, обеспечения безопасности населения, объектов экономики и инфраструктуры. Одним из важнейших факторов формирования оползневых процессов является сейсмическая активность. Цель: разработать методику управления риском активизации оползневых процессов на основе взаимосвязи между оползневыми процессами и сейсмической активностью на территории Киргизской Республики. Методы: данные Международного сейсмологического центра и Главного управления Министерства чрезвычайных ситуаций Киргизской Республики, регрессионный анализ. Результаты. Предложена методика управления риском на примере риска активизации оползневых процессов в природных условиях Киргизской Республики с учетом фактора сейсмичности. Методика предполагает оценку риска оползневых процессов, оценку эффективности затрат для каждого мероприятия по снижению риска и оценку срока окупаемости каждого мероприятия. Исходя из срока окупаемости проводится ранжирование мероприятий и определяется эффективность каждого мероприятия по снижению риска. Для оценки риска активизации оползневых процессов использовали вероятностно-статистический анализ. В работе найдена корреляция зависимости между оползневыми процессами и сейсмической активностью (сумма магнитуд землетрясений), проведен регрессионный анализ. Показано, что наблюдается удовлетворительная линейная корреляция между количеством оползневых процессов и суммой магнитуд землетрясений в период с 1969 по 2010 гг. в Ошской, Жалал-Абадской и Баткенской областях Киргизской Республики. Проведена оценка риска оползневых процессов для села Аскалы Алайского района Ошской области Киргизской Республики. Предложен ряд мероприятий для уменьшения риска оползневых процессов, оценена эффективность и окупаемость данных мероприятий. Показано, что лесомелиоративную защиту можно считать эффективной с точки зрения издержек.The relevance of the research is caused by the need to manage the risk of landslide processes in Kyrgyzstan, which cause significant economic, environmental and social damage and lead to great loss of life. This is of great importance for sustainable use of natural resources, ensuring the safety of the population, economic and infrastructure facilities. One of the most important factors in the formation of landslide processes is seismic activity. The main aim of the research is to develop a risk management methodology for the activation of landslide processes based on the relationship between landslide processes and seismic activity in the Kyrgyzstan. Methods: data of International Seismological Center and Main Directorate of Ministry of Emergencies of Kyrgyzstan, regression analysis. Results. A risk management technique is proposed on the example of the risk of landslide activation in the natural conditions of Kyrgyzstan, taking into account the seismicity factor. The methodology involves assessing the risk of landslide processes, evaluating the cost-effectiveness of each activities to reduce risk, and evaluating the payback period of each measure. Based on the payback period, the ranking of activities is carried out and the effectiveness of each risk reduction activities is determined. To assess the risk of landslide activation, statistical analysis was used. In this work the correlation of the relationship between landslide processes and seismic activity (the sum of the magnitudes of earthquakes) was found, a regression analysis was performed. It was shown that a satisfactory linear correlation is observed between the number of landslide processes and the sum of earthquake magnitudes from 1969 to 2010 in the Osh, Jalal-Abad and Batken regions of Kyrgyzstan. The risk of landslide processes was assessed for the village of Askaly, Alai district, Osh region of Kyrgyzstan. A number of activities are proposed to reduce the risk of landslide processes, the effectiveness and payback of these activities is evaluated. It is shown that forest reclamation protection can be considered effective in terms of costs