3 research outputs found
Why APRC is misleading and how it should be reformed
The annual percentage rate of charge (APRC) designed to reflect all costs of borrowing is a widely used measure to compare different credit products. It disregards completely, however, risks of possible future changes in interest and exchange rates. As an unintended consequence of the general advice to minimize APRC, many borrowers take adjustable-rate mortgages with extremely short interest rate period or foreign currency denominated loans and run into an excessive risk without really being aware of it. To avoid this, we propose a new, risk-adjusted APRC incorporating also the potential costs of risk hedging. This new measure eliminates most of the virtual advantages of riskier structures and reduces the danger of excessive risk taking. As an illustration, we present the latest Hungarian home loan trends but lessons are universal
Steric and Electronic Substituent Effects Influencing Regioselectivity of Tetracene Endoperoxidation
This paper describes the influence
of steric and electronic factors
in the regioselectivity of endoperoxide formation of tetracene derivatives
using <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. A combination of kinetics experiments
and product distributions resulting from these photosensitized oxidations
demonstrates that, while the steric effect of <i>o</i>-alkyl
groups on aryl substituents is highly localized to the substituted
ring, the resistance to oxidation based on phenylethynyl substituents
is more evenly distributed between the two reactive rings. These results
are important for the rational design of highly persistent acenes
Substituent Effects That Control Conjugated Oligomer Conformation through Non-covalent Interactions
Although understanding the conformations
and arrangements of conjugated
materials as solids is key to their prospective applications, predictive
power over these structural factors remains elusive. In this work,
substituent effects tune non-covalent interactions between side-chain
fluorinated benzyl esters and main-chain terminal arenes, in turn
controlling the conformations and interÂchromophore aggregation
of three-ring phenylene-ethynylenes (PEs). Cofacial fluoroÂarene–arene
(ArF–ArH) interactions cause twisting in the PE backbone, interrupting
intraÂmolecular conjugation as well as blocking chromophore aggregation,
both of which prevent the typically observed bathoÂchromic shift
observed upon transitioning PEs from solution to solid. This work
highlights two structural factors that determine whether the ArF–ArH
interactions, and the resulting twisted, unaggregated chromophores,
occur in these solids: (i) the electron-releasing characteristic of
substituents on ArH, with more electron-releasing character favoring
ArF–ArH interactions, and (ii) the fluorination pattern of
the ArF ring, with 2,3,4,5,6-pentaÂfluoroÂphenyl favoring
ArF–ArH interactions over 2,4,6-triÂfluoroÂphenyl.
These trends indicate that considerations of electrostatic complementarity,
whether through a polar−π or substituent–substituent
mechanism, can serve as an effective design principle in controlling
the interaction strengths, and therefore the optoelectronic properties,
of these molecules as solids