De la nécessité de la « recherche finalisée » pour la R&D en architecture

Cet article décrit comment, à partir de l’exemple du Solar Decathlon Europe 2010-2012, l’évolution de la recherche en architecture vers des activités de type « développement expérimental » va de pair avec une évolution de la conception de l’architecture même. Elle fait aussi du projet d’architecture un véritable outil de recherche fédérateur des résultats d’autres recherches appliquées. Et elle met en évidence la nécessité de créer les centres d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche pluridisciplinaires sur l’habitat de demain.Using the Europe Solar Decathlon 2010‑2012 as an example, the article will describe how research in Europe has tended more and more towards “experimental development” approaches; these, according to the author, reflect a change in current ideas about the nature itself of architecture. Approaches of this kind have lead to redefined architecture as a veritable research tool capable of federating the results of other forms of applied research. The author also indicates the necessity of creating centres of higher studies and pluri‑disciplinary research on the future of habitable space

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged).Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editin

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, with additional contributions from the United States and Japan.The French contribution to X-IFU is funded by CNES, CNRS and CEA. This work has been also supported by ASI (Italian Space Agency) through the Contract 2019-27-HH.0, and by the ESA (European Space Agency) Core Technology Program (CTP) Contract No. 4000114932/15/NL/BW and the AREMBES - ESA CTP No.4000116655/16/NL/BW. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 and PID2020-115325GB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

L’expérimentation au service des enjeux de la transition écologique

International audienceno abstrac

L'architecte : médecin de l'espace ? : tribune

International audienceno abstrac

Le projet de musée des Cristalleries de Saint-Louis - Expérimenter pour créer une ambiance

Mise à disposition du document numérique avec l'aimable autorisation de l'éditeurInternational audienceLe Musée des Cristalleries de St Louis a été inauguré le 25 juin 2007 par Jean-Louis Dumas, Pdg de la société Hermès, dans une des grandes halles de production du site verrier séculaire de St Louis-lès-Bitches. Ce musée présente pour la première fois au public la collection des pièces sauvegardées au fil du temps par les maîtres verriers lorrains qui redécouvrirent le cristal en Europe continentale, après son invention au XVIème siècle par les anglais. La communication présente la méthode de conception adoptée par les architectes pour atteindre ce but : recréer une ambiance tout en la dépassant. Elle détaille notamment l'expérimentation grandeur nature qui a été menée aux Grands Ateliers de l'Isle d'Abeau et à St Louis pour mettre au point les ambiances lumineuses tout en vérifiant la pertinence des propositions constructives faites par les architectes

De la nécessité de la "recherche finalisée" pour la R&D en architecture

International audienceno abstrac

Prospects of the future : where are we going to? Near zero energy buildings? Round table

International audienceno abstrac

Pour une sexuation du genre fantastique: L\u27Eve future de Villiers de L\u27Isle-Adam

While theorists have described the marvelous with relative precision, the fantastic, a closely related genre , has never been clearly defined. This dissertation approaches the problematic surrounding the fantastic in a new way: it shows why this genre has eluded, and may inherently elude or resist, absolute theorization. An analysis of the most representative texts on the fantastic reveals that a variable notion of reality is central, as much to theorist\u27s critiques as to the corpus of works they select. Since every text elaborates its own reference to its own idea of the real, the notion of fantastic has to vary with each text, and should be studied within the limits of that text. A fantastic text will be one which designates itself as such, a text which presents a meta-fantastic discourse. The subjectivist idealism which inspires L\u27Eve future makes this typically decadent work most informative in this respect. As reality is questioned, the concept of the human self is challenged, and the question of gender receives particular attention. A close study of the meta-fantastic vocabulary in the text reveals that the male characters represent the marvelous, the symbolic order of reality and the conscious, while the female characters are associated with the fantastic, the supernatural and the unconscious. This dichotomy leads us to analyze the relationship between genders, and reveals that the fantastic is coded as feminine when it threatens the specular logic necessary for male subjectivity. Although Edison\u27s new Eve is created in conformance with masculine ideals, she eventually exceeds and subverts the marvelous androcentric order. She embodies a resistant feminine voice which transgresses the limits imposed on the human mind by illusionist philosophy, and denounces the contradictions of the phallocentric ideology inscribed in her. Subversion, however, cannot be sustained. In the end, the fantastic feminine voice is censored, and the androcentric order, subsuming both the symbolic and the marvelous, is restored. By underlining the association between the marvelous and the symbolic, this study presents a strong argument for a reconsideration of the modern theoretical tendency to include the marvelous in the fantastic