The Brazilian Trade Liberalisation: the regionalized impacts on the productive chain of cotton, textile and apparel industries

During the last 8 years Brazil has experiencing a large program of commercial overture. A lot of administrative and tax barriers had suppressed and the textile sector had been one of the most affected by this process. The paper analyses the regional impact of this process over the so-called textile chain (cotton-textile-confections) utilising dates of production and sales from 1980 until 1994 for the most important production regions in Brazil. These informations are analyzed by nonparametrical statistics. In a synthesis, the commercial overture that happened in Brazil during the last 8 years didn't change the structural tendencies in the spatial division of work of the production links of Cotton, Textile and Confections. It incremented the Cotton March to West, the concurrence among decadent textiles regions as Pernambuco, Minas Gerais and S?o Paulo and those, more dynamics, as Santa Catarina and Ceara. The commercial overture has been a double, because are growing the exports and imports figures of Textile. On the other hand those that are still using old technologies, are closing the plants. But the price of this adjusting process was paid by the cotton's farmers and, maybe, by the small and medium firms of Confections. The new regions are growing due to different factors. Ceara, in the northwest of Brazil, due to fiscal incentives by SUDENE and advantages from direct importation of cotton from Africa. Santa Catarina, in the south, due to a special characteristic of its industrial organisation and a new territorial organisation of production buying cotton from Argentina, Paraguay and Parana (Brazil) and inputs textile from EEC.

Impacto Da Formação e Cooperação Ao Nível Do Ensino Superior Nas Dinâmicas Africanas Contemporâneas

Na perspectiva da economia do conhecimento aquelas regiões que possuem uma universidade tem nela um motor do desenvolvimento. No entanto nem sempre esse motor funciona a contento. As universidades muitas vezes não conseguem compreender a dinâmica social e econômica das regiões em que estão inseridas e os seus usuários não conseguem entender as particularidades da dinâmica acadêmica. Nesse caso as universidades simplesmente estão na região. As universidades que são da região, inversamente, estão mergulhadas na dinâmica das suas sociedades, procurando contribuir para a solução dos seus problemas. Esta comunicação pretende discutir estratégias de superação desse problema tendo em conta: a contribuição das pesquisas para o desenvolvimento; a formação para o mercado de trabalho; a formação cultural. Baseia-se na experiência adquirida com os trabalhos desenvolvidos pela OCDE em especial com a experiência brasileira no estado do Paraná e acredita-se que possam ser aplicáveis em Áfric

THE DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND THE RESTRICTIONS TO THE INSERTION OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN SOUTH AMERICA, AFRICA AND SOUTH OF ASIA

This research had like general goal to identify the determinants of the international tourism flow, seeking diagnostic the main restrictions to the expansion of this sector in the countries in development, utilizing a comparative analysis for the regions of the South America, Africa and South of the Asia. To be specified the determinants of the international tourism flow, was applied the econometrics instrumental, aiming to establish its empirical evidence. In the analysis was utilized the panel model because it´s shown adequate to the objective of identify the prominent factors of generalized form. Furthermore, this paper discuss the performance of the countries of the South America, Africa and South of Asia in the international tourism, with base in the determinant specified, seeking identify the empirical coherence of these general determinants in case of these countries and comparing the specificities and homogeneity between these regions, constituted by countries in development. The result of the study aims that the income is a fundamental determinant for explain the emission of tourists and there are indications of an elevated elasticity, what is translated in empirical coherence. Referring to the tourism attractive, we found the relevant paper of the risk related to the security and of the development of the country, identified through of the Human Development Index - HDI. The comparative analysis between the regions of the South America, Africa and South of the Asia, showed that the performance of these countries show consistency with the general determinants, in function of their conditions, for example, their geographic distance from the rich countries.