748 research outputs found
Legal framework for the single window concept in ASEAN : A successful movement towards trade facilitation in East Asian countries
Principles for governing the Internet: a comparative analysis
As the sixth edition in the UNESCO Internet Freedom series, this study encompasses both quantitative and qualitative assessments of more than 50 declarations, guidelines, and frameworks. The issues contained in these documents are assessed in the context of UNESCOâs interested areas such as access, freedom of expression, privacy, ethics, Priority Gender Equality, and Priority Africa, and sustainable development, etc.
This publication shows that while each of the reviewed Internet documents has its own value, none of them fully meet UNESCOâs interests and mandate. The study proposes therefore the concept of âInternet Universalityâ as the Organisationâs own clear identifier for approaching the various fields of Internet issues and their intersections with UNESCO concerns.
Internet Universality highlights the contribution that can be made by an Internet that is based on four principles, recognised by UNESCO governing bodies. An Internet developed on these principles would be: human Rights-based; Open; Accessible to all; and governed through Multi-stakeholder participation (summarized in the acronym R.O.A.M.).
This concept has relevance to the Organizationâs work in many areas â including online freedom of expression and privacy; efforts to advance universality in education, social inclusion and gender equality; multilingualism in cyberspace; access to information and knowledge; and ethical dimensions of information society
Legal framework for media and democracy
Open discourses and the free formation of opinions through unfettered information flows and communicated diversity of opinion are unthinkable without independent media and essential prerequisites for a functioning democracy. Notwithstanding the importance of the linkage between media and democracy, there is no harmonized framework addressing this issue. By adopting a legal perspective, this study shall outline existing and emerging regulations, with a particular focus on broadcast, print, and online media Two regulatory tiers are distinguished: At the international level, the establishment of aWorld Information Order as well as the human rights perspective intrinsic to the subject matter will be addressed. At the national level, legal approaches to particular tensions accompanying state regulation of the media will be examine
Carbon-related border tax adjustment: mitigating climate change or restricting international trade?
Border tax adjustments in the form of carbon taxes on products from countries with lax environmental production standards or in the form of a required participation in an emissions allowances' trading system have become a heavily debated issue under WTO law. Such an adjustment might be permissible if energy taxes as indirect taxes are applied on inputs during the production process. Compliance with the Most Favoured Nation principle has less practical importance than the not-yet settled likeness discussion under the National Treatment principle. Consequently, since the compatibility of carbon-related border tax adjustment measures is partly contested, potential justifications such as the conservation of exhaustible national resources or the protection of health (Art. XX GATT) become relevant. The application of the necessity and proportionality test requires that carbon measures are tailored so as to substantially contribute to the achievement of environmental objectives and do not create any arbitrary or unjustified discriminatio
KĂźnstliche Intelligenz: Regulatorische Ăberlegungen zum âWieâ und âWasâ
Neue technologische Entwicklungen stellen das Recht regelmaĚssig vor Herausforderungen; diese EinschaĚtzung gilt auch fuĚr die KuĚnstliche Intelligenz. Die EU hat mit einem sehr detaillierten risikoorientierten Regulierungsvorschlag reagiert. Ein solches Konzept duĚrfte fuĚr die Schweiz nicht zielfuĚhrend sein. Erfolgversprechender ist die Ausarbeitung eines technologieneutralen Rahmengesetzes, unter dessen âSchirmâ die regulierungsbeduĚrftigen Themen einer Normierung durch Anpassungen bestehender Gesetze zugefuĚhrt werden
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