Vapor-liquid equilibria of binary and ternary mixtures of benzene, cyclohexane, and chlorobenzene at 40.0 kPa and 101.3 kPa

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data were measured at isobaric conditions for the binary mixtures of benzene + cyclohexane, benzene + chlorobenzene, and cyclohexane + chlorobenzene, and one ternary mixture of benzene + cyclohexane + chlorobenzene. The measurements were made in an equilibrium still with circulation of both the vapor and liquid phases. Thermodynamic consistency for the three binary mixtures was tested using the area and point-to-point test. The second virial coefficients obtained by the Tsonopoulos method were;used to calculate the vapor-phase fugacity coefficients. The parameters of the Wilson, UNIQUAC, and NRTL equations were obtained by fitting to the binary and ternary data.46225626

The solid-liquid phase diagrams of binary mixtures of even saturated fatty acids differing by six carbon atoms

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)This study was aimed at using the solid-liquid phase diagrams for three binary mixtures of saturated fatty acids, especially the phase transitions below the liquidus line. These mixtures are compounded by caprylic acid (C(8:0)) + myristic acid (C(14:0)). capric acid (C(10:0)) + palmitic acid (C(16:0)), lauric acid (C(12:0)) + stearic acid (C(18:0)), differing by six carbon atoms between carbon chains. The phase diagrams were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The polarized light microscopy was used to complement the characterization for a full grasp of the phase diagram. Not only do these phase diagrams present peritectic and eutectic reactions, but also metatectic reactions, due to solid-solid phase transitions common, in fatty acids. These findings have contributed to the elucidation of the phase behavior of these important biochemical molecules with implications in various industrial production. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.496416713037Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAEPEX/UNICAMP FEDERFundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI/CTM/60288/2004]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CNPq [141607/2004-1, 142823/2005-8, 303649/2004-6]FAPESP [05/53095-2, 08/09502-0, 08/56258-8]CAPES [0148/06-7]Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI/CTM/60288/2004

The solid-liquid phase diagrams of binary mixtures of even saturated fatty alcohols

This study is part of a work developed in the author's research group on the solid-liquid equilibrium of fatty substances. The phase diagrams of the following fatty alcohol systems were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): 1-octanol + 1-dodecanol, 1-octanol + 1-tetradecanol, 1-decanol + 1-tetradecanol, 1-decanol + 1-hexadecanol and 1-dodecanol + 1-octadecanol. The liquidus lines of three of these systems were previously reported in the literature but the other two systems were never published. Moreover other transitions, in addition to the eutectic temperature, were also detected in all the systems. A region of solid solution at the extreme left of the phase diagrams was observed for all the binary mixtures. Polarized light microscopy was used to complement the characterization of the systems for a full grasp of the phase diagrams. The solid-liquid equilibrium was modeled using the Margules 2-suffix, Margules 3-suffix, NRTL and UNIFAC Dortmund equations. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.303219119

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium of Saturated Fatty Acids plus Triacylglycerols

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Phase diagrams of tricaprylin (1,3-di(octanoyloxy)propan-2-yl octanoate) + myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), commercial triolein + palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), and trilinolenin (propane-1,2,3-triyl tris[(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate]) + stearic acid (octadecanoic acid) were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The occurrence of an eutectic point very close to the pure triacylglycerol can be assumed in all of the three investigated systems. The liquid phase was modeled using Margules two-suffix, Margules three-suffix, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), and universal quasichemical functional group activity coefficient (UNIFAC) Dortmund models. The best modeling results were obtained using the NRTL model. The UNIFAC Dortmund model describes the multicomponent system containing commercial triolein + palmitic acid well.552974977Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAEPEX/UNICAMPConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [306250/2007-1]FAPESP [08/09502-0, 08/56258-8

Solid-liquid equilibrium of binary fatty acid mixtures

In the present work the phase diagrams of seven fatty acid binary mixtures were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These mixtures were formed by capric acid (C-10:0) with lauric acid (C-12:0), myristic acid (C-14:0), palmitic acid (C-16:0), or stearic acid (C-18:0) and by lauric acid (C-12:0) with myristic acid (C-14:0), palmitic acid (C-16:0), or stearic acid (C-18:0). The spline technique was used to compare the results of this work with prior results available in the literature for some of the investigated systems. The occurrence of the eutectic point in all systems and of the peritectic point in some of the systems was observed. The occurrence of the peritectic point can be associated with the difference in the number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid chains used in the mixture. The approach suggested by Slaughter and Doherty (Chem. Eng. Sci. 1995 , 50, 1679-1694) was used to model the solid phase, and the liquid phase was modeled using the Margules-2-suffix, Margules-3-suffix, UNIFAC Dortmund, and NRTL models. The best modeling results were obtained using the Margules-3-suffix with an average deviation between experimental and calculated values of 0.14%.521303

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium of Binary Mixtures Containing Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Solid-liquid phase diagrams of the following systems were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): tristearin (2,3-di(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate) + tripalmitin (2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl hexadecanoate), tristearin (2,3-di(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate) + palmitic acid (n-hexadecanoic acid), tristearin (2,3-di(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate) + linoleic acid (cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid), tripalmitin (2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl hexadecanoate) + triolein (2,3-bis[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate), and tripalmitin (2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl hexadecanoate) + commercial oleic acid (commercial (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid). The eutectic point was observed for two systems, tristearin with tripalmitin or with palmitic acid. Polarized optical microscopy was employed to investigate the solid phase of the systems and confirmed the occurrence of a solid solution at the extreme of the phase diagram rich in the component with a higher melting temperature. Margules-2-suffix, Margules-3-suffix, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), and universal quasichemical functional group activity coefficient (UNIFAC) models were employed to describe the liquidus line of the studied systems, except for the system formed by tripalmitin (2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl hexadecanoate) + commercial oleic acid (commercial (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid) which is a pseudobinary system that was well-described by the UNIFAC model. The best results for the other systems were obtained when employing the Margules-3-suffix and NRTL models.56832773284Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAEPEX/UNICAMPConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CNPq [480992/2009-6, 304495/2010-7]FAPESP [08/09502-0, 08/56258-8

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium of Tristearin with Refined Rice Bran and Palm Oils

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)In the present study, phase diagrams of two systems, formed by tristearin (1,3-di(octadecanoyloxy)propan-2yl octadecanoate) with refined rice bran oil or refined palm oil, were obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and reported in the literature for the first time. The X-ray diffraction technique was employed to verify the crystallization behavior of the individual components and for the mixture tristearin plus refined palm oil. The UNIFAC model was successfully used to predict the liquidus line of these systems, with a root-mean-square deviation between the experimental and calculated melting temperatures below 1.3%.551150785082Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAEPEX/UNICAMPConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CNPq [306250/2007-1, 480992/2009-6]FAPESP [08/09502-0, 08/56258-8

The solid-liquid phase diagrams of binary mixtures of consecutive, even saturated fatty acids: differing by four carbon atoms

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The complete solid-liquid phase diagrams for four binary mixtures of saturated fatty acids are presented, for the first time, in this work. These mixtures are formed by caprylic acid (C(8:0)) + lauric acid (C(12:0)). capric acid (C(10:0)) + myristic acid (C(14:0)), lauric acid (C(12:0)) + palmitic acid (C(16:0)) and myristic acid (C(14:0)) + stearic acid (C(18:0)). The phase diagrams were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FT-Raman spectrometry and polarized light microscopy were used to complement the characterization for a complete understanding of the phase diagram. All of the phase diagrams here reported show the same global behavior that is far more complex than previously accepted. They present not only peritectic and eutectic reactions, but also metatectic reactions, clue to solid-solid phase transitions common in fatty acids, and regions of solid solution not previously reported. This work contributes to the elucidation of the phase behavior of these important biochemical molecules with implications in various industrial applications. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.15714050Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAEPEX/UNICAMP FEDERFundaGao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI/CTM/ 60288/2004][SFRH/BD/23400/2005]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CNPq [141607/2004-1, 142823/2005-8, 303649/2004-6]FAPESP [2005/530952]CAPES [0148/06-7]FundaGao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI/CTM/ 60288/2004][SFRH/BD/23400/2005