Studies on the Biosynthesis of γ–Decalactone in Sporobolomyces odorus

Incubation of racemic ethyl [2,2-2H2]-(E)-3,4-epoxydecanoate and the corresponding acid with intact cells of Sporobolomyces odorus led to the formation of deuterium labeled γ-decalaetone. The detection of labeled 2-decen-4-olide and 4-oxodecanoic acid made it possi­ble to propose the biogenetic sequence leading to γ-decalactone. The determination of the en­ antiomeric ratio of the lactone revealed an unspecific metabolism of the precursor. In contrast to the (E)-isomer, after administration of ethyl [5,6-2H2]-(Z)-3,4-epoxydeeanoate no transfor­mation could be detected. These results indicate that (E)-3,4-epoxydecanoic acid, formed from (E)-3-decenoyl-CoA , an intermediate of the β-oxidation of linoleic acid, is the genuine precur­sor in the biosynthesis of γ-decalactone

The patellotrochlear index: a new index for assessing patellar height

The radiological methods to determine patellar height described in the literature are variable, not reliable and depend on the chosen ratio. The purpose of this paper is to describe another method of measuring patellar height on sagittal MRI using the true articular cartilage patellotrochlear relationship. An analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) examinations of 66 consecutive patients was performed. The most common diagnoses were meniscal or anterior cruciate ligament pathologies. No patient suffered from patellofemoral complaints. Measurements on sagittal MR images included different parameters using the articular cartilage of the patella and the trochlea. The ratio patella : trochlea of the cartilage baselines was measured in percentages and described as patellotrochlear index. The measurements were assessed at two different times by three raters under blinded conditions. The mean patellotrochlear index was 31.7% (CI: 12.5-50.0; range −5.0 to 61.1%; SD ±11.6). The intraobserver variability showed only in the "second observer” a difference of the mean values of the two different measurements (t=2.189; P=0.032). The interobserver correlation was high and significant (0.663-0.893; P=0.000). Our results indicate that the patellotrochlear index is a reliable and precise method to determine the exact articular correlation of the patellofemoral joint and the patellar height. The results represent the average patellotrochlear index in the normal population without patellofemoral complaints. Measurements of the articular cartilage congruence can be helpful to define an underlying pathology of patellar height, such as patella alta or infer

Репродуктивной стратегия некоторых редкие и краснокнижные виды Juno tratt. (IRIS) зеравшанского хребта

Показано, что J. magnifica - мощное растение, несущее до 14 листьев и 10 цветков, является наименее эволюционно продвинутым среди всех видов Juno. Данный факт хорошо коррелирует с его обитанием только в наиболее влажных условиях Узбекистана и установленной нами недостаточной лабильностью репродуктивной стратегии. J. warleyensis - малоцветковый вид, большинство растений которого образуют только один плод - из верхнего цветка, играющий основное значение в семенной продуктивности растения в целом. Элементы семенной продуктивности - ПСП, РСП и КСП - верхнего цветка корреляционно связаны с шириной нижнего листа.It is shown that J. magnifica - a powerful plant, carrying up to 14 leaves and 10 flowers, is the least evolutionarily advanced among all kinds of Juno. This fact correlates well with its dwelling only in the most humid conditions of Uzbekistan and the insufficient lability of reproductive strategy established by us. J. warleyensis is a little-flowered species, most of whose plants form only one fruit - from the upper flower, which plays a fundamental role in the seed productivity of the plant as a whole. Elements of seed production - PSP, RSP and CSP - upper flower are correlated with the width of the bottom sheet

Analysis hysteresis clutch technical characteristics of the shut-off valves electrical drive system

The results of calculations of the hysteresis clutches of various designs for use in electric shut-off valves of the pipeline. The possibility of using the clutch with an axial air gap for a wide range of electric power

Single-photon emission from Ni-related color centers in CVD diamond

Color centers in diamond are very promising candidates among the possible realizations for practical single-photon sources because of their long-time stable emission at room temperature. The popular nitrogen-vacancy center shows single-photon emission, but within a large, phonon-broadened spectrum (~100nm), which strongly limits its applicability for quantum communication. By contrast, Ni-related centers exhibit narrow emission lines at room temperature. We present investigations on single color centers consisting of Ni and Si created by ion implantation into single crystalline IIa diamond. We use systematic variations of ion doses between 10^8/cm^2 and 10^14/cm^2 and energies between 30keV and 1.8MeV. The Ni-related centers show emission in the near infrared spectral range (~770nm to 787nm) with a small line-width (~3nm FWHM). A measurement of the intensity correlation function proves single-photon emission. Saturation measurements yield a rather high saturation count rate of 77.9 kcounts/s. Polarization dependent measurements indicate the presence of two orthogonal dipoles.Comment: 8 pages, published in conference proceedings of SPIE Photonics Europe 201

Evaluation of 3D-Video Compression for Automotive Stereo Vision Systems

This paper is an evaluation of the distribution of quantized coefficients resulting from the disparity of an automotive stereo vision system. The system captures the scene with two cameras, computes the disparity with Semi-Global Matching and encodes the left view and the disparity for transmission. Real world and synthetic video sequences were used to evaluate the coefficient distributions of the system under normal and challenging weather conditions. The results show, that the quantized disparity coefficients in frequency space have consistently lower entropy compared to the coefficients of the video scenes. Therefore, it is advantageous for the system to compress the disparity instead of one of the two video streams

2-(3,4,5-Trimethoxy­phen­yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine

In the title compound, C16H16N2O3, the 3,4,5-trimethoxy­phenyl group makes a dihedral angle of 10.04 (7)° toward the 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine system. The crystal structure displays inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers

4-Chloro-1-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine

The crystal structure of the title compound, C14H11ClN2O2S, features a three-dimensional network stabilized by π–π inter­actions between the rings of the 4-methyl­phenyl­sulfonyl protecting group [centroid–centroid distance = 3.623 (1) Å]. The 4-methyl­phenyl­sulfonyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 79.60 (6)° with the 4-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine unit

4-(4-Fluoro­phen­yl)-1-methoxy­methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C17H15FN2O, the mol­ecules form a three-dimensional network stabilized by π–π inter­actions between two imidazole rings related by a centre of symmetry. The distance between the centroids is 3.5488 (8) Å. The imidazole ring makes dihedral angles of 14.30 (7) and 33.39 (7)° with the 4-fluoro­phenyl ring and the phenyl ring, respectively