Body donation in India: a review

The study of anatomy is inseparable from cadaveric dissection.  However scarcity of cadavers is felt all over the world. Body donation is the preferred and major source of cadavers worldwide. It is defined as an informed and free act of giving one’s whole body after death for medical education and research. This article gives a brief review of history of body donation. It reveals the details about who can donate and who can accept the body along with procedure followed to donate body in India. It discusses the donors’ attitude behind body donation and factors preventing people from body donation. It deals with approach of various religions towards body donation. It discusses some important ways to overcome the scarcity of bodies in India and the world

A survey on Security Based Spontaneous Wireless Ad Hoc Networks for Communication Based Elliptical curve Cryptography

This paper presents a review on a secure protocol for spontaneous Wireless ad hoc network. In this paper we have focused on spontaneous network and wireless ad hoc network. Secure spontaneous wireless ad hoc network works on hybrid symmetric/asymmetric key management scheme in order to exchange the data. Symmetric key scheme is used to encrypt the data terminals which want to exchange data. The spontaneous network works without any infrastructure it do not require any central server or authority. In this secure spontaneous wireless ad hoc network trust is form by visual contact or by authentication procedure using session key. Then we can exchange services and resources. Existing protocol is for limited resources we are working on to add some new features to add no of resources

Elucidation of Verifiable Secret Sharing Schemes for Images

Abstract: Images proved to be better medium for sharing sensitive data. Earlier secret sharing schemes were based on numbers and further were also applied on images. Most of the existing schemes proposed do not have the capability of verification of the shares and hence are prone to cheating either by the original secret holder or the participants. Some of these schemes provided security but required additional computation in the form of certificate vectors or error correction codes The intent of this paper is to discuss the verifiable secret sharing schemes. The paper analyses these schemes and presents a comparative study of the same. The parameters used for comparative study are threshold, cheater identification, techniques used for verification, need secure channel, etc. This paper will support in choosing the verifiable secret sharing scheme for specific applications

Interaction of floor space, dietary energy level and feed enzyme influencing growth performance of growing turkey

A biological experiment was conducted (2×3×2 factorial design) involving 2 floor spaces (1.25 and 1.90 sq. ft), 3 dietary energy levels (2400, 2600 and 2800 ME kcal/kg) with or without supplementation of commercial multi- enzyme (@ 250g/ton feed) in iso-proteinic diet (protein, 20%) to evaluate growth performance in ‘White turkey’ (CARI Virat) during 8–16 weeks of age. The levels of critical amino acids (lysine and methionine) remained similar in all the diets.Straight-run 120 poults were randomly distributed into twelve experimental groups with four replicate in experimental battery cages (1.64 ft × 2.30 ft) at two different floor spaces (1.25 and 1.90 ft2/bird) from 8th to 16th week of age. The total number of birds per cage were 2 and 3 respectively. Out of 4 replicates, 1 replicate was maintained for the replacement of the dead birds, if any, so as to keep the effective floor space constant throughout the experimental period. Results indicated that body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly due to floor space or enzyme supplementation. Performance index was significantly higher in 1.25 sq. ft. floor space. Overall body weight gain did not differ significantly due to energy levels. Feed intake and feed: gain ratio was significantly lower in group having 2,800 kcal/kg. Performance index was significantly higher in groups fed with 2,600 and 2,800 kcal/kg. Final body weight and cumulative feed intake differed significantly due to interaction between space and energy. Feed enzyme supplementation did not improve performance.Thus the optimum floor space in battery cages for rearing growing turkey poults (8–16 wk) and dietary energy level were 1.25 sq. ft/bird and 2,600 kcal ME per kg diet, respectively

Secure kNN Query Processing in Untrusted Cloud Environments: an Overview

ABSTRACT: Nowadays, data are stored to a third party in cloud environments and query processing is also done by the third party to reduce the expense to maintain the system. Although there are lots of advantages in using independent third parties in query processing, security problems become more crucial since we cannot completely trust the third parties which can be easily corrupted or malfunctioning. The security problems with untrusted third parties are multifaceted in several areas such as privacy, authentication, and recovery. For privacy, the third party should not be able to know what the user's query is since the query itself describes the user's interest. For authentication, the user should be able to verify that the information from the third party is not tampered since the correctness of the query results depends upon the correctness of the information from the third party. For recovery, when the result is found to be forged by an adversary, we should be able to find the adversary and get a correct result by removing the adversary. To address these challenges, we propose several schemes. First, with respect to secure kNN query processing and secure proximity detection, we give novel schemes based on Mutable Order Preserving Encryption (MOPE) and Secure Point Evaluation Method (SPEM). Second, for authenticated top-k aggregation, we suggest novel schemes using Three Phase Uniform Threshold Algorithm, Merkle Hash Tree, and Condensed-RSA. Third, for detecting malicious nodes, we propose novel algorithms based on Additively Homomorphic Encryption and Multipath Transmission. Our experimental evaluation and security analyses demonstrate that robust mechanisms can be deployed with a minimal amount of computational and communicational expense

Evaluation of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) in broiler chicken during hot humid summer using zoo technical, molecular and physio-biochemical tools

Climate resilient poultry production is a major challenge especially for hot regions like India. Accordingly, the efficacy of mannan-oligosaccharides as anti-heat stressor was studied. Broiler chicks were reared on a standard diet up to 14th day of age. Thereafter, the chicks were randomly distributed into three dietary treatment groups viz. T1 (Control group: Standard diet, T2 (Standard diet with MOS @ 0.3%) and T3 (Standard diet with MOS @ 0.5%) each with 40 birds divided in 5 replicates of 8 birds each upto 42 days of age. Experiment was carried out during hot-humid (August-September, 26.0±0.12° to 34.25±0.37°C, Rh%: 76.95±0.90 to 86.15±0.61) summer. Growth performance, immunity (4th week), physiological (4th and 6th week), biochemical (4th and 6th wk) and molecular parameters (4th and 6th wk) were recorded. Feed intake, live weight gain and FCR improved significantly (P<0.001) on MOS supplementation. The relative yield of immune organs at 4th and 6th week of age, humoral (P<0.001) as well as cellular (P<0.01) immunity also improved significantly. The percentage of haemoglobin, protein, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase increased significantly (P<0.001) due to MOS supplementation at 4th as well as 6th week of age. While H:L ratio, serum corticosterone and serum cholesterol decreased significantly (P<0.001) in MOS supplemented groups. Supplementation of MOS at both the levels (0.3 and 0.5%) caused significant down regulation of relative expression of HSP70 in jejunum tissues during 28th or 42nd day of age. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that MOS supplementation @ 0.3% or 0.5% in diet of heat stressed broilers improved performance as well as welfare

Utilization of decorticated cottonseed meal with or without protease in diets of broiler chicken

The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of decorticated cottonseed meal (DCSM, non- detectable free-gossypol) with or without supplemental protease on the basis of growth performance, nutrient utilization and feed-cost of production in broiler chicken. Accordingly, a six weeks (0 to 6 weeks of age of broiler chickens) feeding trial was conducted following 5 × 2 factorial design involving five dietary levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of DCSM, with (0.035%) or without protease in a standard broiler chicken diet. Day-old chicks (320) were divided into 40 groups of eight birds each (replicate) and each dietary treatment was offered to four replicated groups. There was no significant difference in body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, protein and energy utilization efficiency due to levels of decorticated cottonseed meals in diets replacing soybean meal of control diet and protease supplementation. Nitrogen retention was not influenced either by cottonseed meal or by protease in diet. There was no adverse effect on cellular as well as humoral immunity on addition of cottonseed meal in diet. Addition of protease in diet did not improve the above mentioned performance parameters. Feed-cost of production decreased significantly and linearly on addition of cottonseed meal at graded levels. The present study revealed that incorporation of DCSM up to 20% level in diet, either with or without enzyme supplementation, did not affect growth performance of broiler chicken during 0–6 weeks of age. Therefore, decorticated cottonseed meal can safely and effectively be included up to 20% level without enzyme supplementation in maize-soybean based diets of broiler chickens replacing soybean meal for profitable broiler production

Primary extra-cranial meningioma in the right submandibular region of an 18-year-old woman: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Extra-cranial meningioma or ectopic meningioma is a rare tumor. This tumor has been reported in various anatomic sites in the head and neck, mediastinum, skin and soft tissues. We report a rare case of ectopic meningioma in the submandibular region detected by using fine-needle aspiration cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This case represents another unusual site for extra-cranial meningioma, which prompted us to report it.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>An 18-year-old Dravidian woman presented with swelling in the right submandibular region. The computed tomographic scan findings were suggestive of a neoplastic mass lesion in the right submandibular region. Fine-needle aspiration cytology led to the differential diagnosis of a monomorphic adenoma of a salivary gland or an ectopic meningioma. The patient underwent excision of the submandibular gland and tumor. The histological examination and immunohistochemistry studies confirmed that the lesion was an extra-cranial meningioma. At her two-year follow-up examination, there was no recurrence of the tumor.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our experience with this case indicates that, although rare, meningioma should be entertained in the differential diagnosis of a mass lesion in the head and neck region.</p