Cytotoxic Activity and Apoptosis Induction of Ethanolic Extract of Pericarps of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) on WiDr Cells and Interaction Study of Alpha-mangosteen to IKK and VEGF Based on Molecular Docking

One of the compounds found efficacious as an anti-proliferative on colon cancer is alpha-mangosteen, a xanthon compound that is abundant in pericarp of mangosteen. This study focused to evaluate anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) on WiDr colon cancer cells and to observe the affinity of alpha-mangosteen in inhibiting IKK and VEGF. Cytotoxic effect was tested by MTT assay and apoptosis induction was evaluated by double staining method on WiDr colon cancer cells, while interaction between alpha-mangosteen to the receptors was measured by molecular docking. The ethanolic extract was proven to have cytotoxic activity against WiDr colon cancer cells with IC50 of 25 µg/mL. In addition, the observation of apoptosis induction by double-staining method showed that apoptosis associated the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of pericarp of mangosteen (EPM) on WiDr colon cancer cells. Molecular docking showed that active compounds in pericarp of mangosteen could compete with the native ligand of VEGF because the docking score of alpha-mangosteen was almost equal with native ligand. From these results we could be concluded that the cytotoxic effect of EPM to WiDr cells was mediated by cell apoptosis. This extract was potential to be developed as chemopreventive agent.Keywords : Garcinia mangostana Linn., cytotoxic effect, apoptosis, WiDr cell, molecular docking

Ethanolic Extract of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Peel Inhibits T47D and Hela Cells Line Proliferation Via Nf-қB Pathway Inhibition

Effective and selective chemoterapeutic and chemopreventive agent is needed to cure breast and cervical cancers. One of the potential natural material is mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana). In this study, we observed cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of mangosteen peel (EMP) on HeLa cells line and T47D cells line. The cytotoxic effect was determined using MTT assay.EMP showed cytotoxic effect on T47D cells and HeLa cells with IC50 values of 2.07 μg/ml and 10.58 µg/ml respectively. Molecular docking simulation was done to predict the molecular mechanism of active compund in mangosteen peel extract, α-mangostin, in NFқB pathway which is one of the potential pathway to induce cytotoxicity on T47D and HeLa cells. Docking was done using PLANTS software and the binding score between α-mangostin and proteasom is -78,12, whereas the binding score between α-mangostin and IKK is -86.84. These results showed the possiblity mechanism of mangostin peel extract containing α-mangostin inhibits IKK activation in NFқB pathway. Based on this study, we conclude that mangosteen peel extract is potential to be developed as chemopreventive agent toward cervical and breast cancers. Keywords: Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana), cytotoxic, T47D cells, HeLa cells, NFқ