The Effects of Waves on the Meridional Thermal Structure of Jupiter’s Stratosphere

The American Astronomical Society, find out more The Institute of Physics, find out moreTHE FOLLOWING ARTICLE ISOPEN ACCESSThe Effects of Waves on the Meridional Thermal Structure of Jupiter's StratosphereRichard G. Cosentino1, Thomas Greathouse2, Amy Simon3, Rohini Giles2, Raúl Morales-Juberías4, Leigh N. Fletcher5 and Glenn Orton6Published 2020 November 10 • © 2020. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.The Planetary Science Journal, Volume 1, Number 3DownloadArticle PDF DownloadArticle ePubFiguresTablesReferencesDownload PDFDownload ePub318 Total downloadsTurn on MathJaxShare this articleShare this content via emailShare on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on Google+Share on MendeleyHide article informationAuthor affiliations1 Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA2 Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA3 Solar System Exploration Div., NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA4 Physics Department, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA5 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK6 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAORCID iDsRichard G. Cosentino https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-615XThomas Greathouse https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-5731Amy Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-6186Rohini Giles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-6562Leigh N. Fletcher https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-9588Glenn Orton https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-2823DatesReceived 2020 June 16Accepted 2020 September 30Published 2020 November 10Check for updates using CrossmarkCitationRichard G. Cosentino et al 2020 Planet. Sci. J. 1 63Create citation alertDOIhttps://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/abbda3KeywordsJupiter ; Stratosphere ; Infrared observatories Journal RSS feed Sign up for new issue notificationsAbstractA thermal oscillation in Jupiter's equatorial stratosphere, thought to have ~4 Earth year period, was first discovered in 7.8 μm imaging observations from the 1980s and 1990s. Such imaging observations were sensitive to the 10–20 hPa pressure region in the atmosphere. More recent 7.8 μm long-slit high-spectroscopic observations from 2012 to 2017 taken using the Texas Echelon cross-dispersed Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES), mounted on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), have vertically resolved this phenomenon's structure, and show that it spans a range of pressure from 2 to 20 hPa. The TEXES instrument was mounted on the Gemini North telescope in March 2017, improving the diffraction-limited spatial resolution by a factor of ~2.5 compared with that offered by the IRTF. This Gemini spatial scale sensitivity study was performed in support of the longer-termed Jupiter monitoring being performed at the IRTF. We find that the spatial resolution afforded by the smaller 3 m IRTF is sufficient to spatially resolve the 3D structure of Jupiter's equatorial stratospheric oscillation by comparing the thermal retrievals of IRTF and Gemini observations. We then performed numerical simulations in a general circulation model to investigate how the structure of Jupiter's stratosphere responds to changes in the latitudinal extent of wave forcing in the troposphere. We find our simulations produce a lower limit in meridional wave forcing of ±7° (planetocentric coordinates) centered about the equator. This likely remains constant over time to produce off-equatorial thermal oscillations at ±13°, consistent with observations spanning nearly four decades.</div

Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital tour tailored to maximise observing opportunities. We review the Jupiter science enabled by the JUICE mission, building on the legacy of discoveries from the Galileo, Cassini, and Juno missions, alongside ground- and space-based observatories. We focus on remote sensing of the climate, meteorology, and chemistry of the atmosphere and auroras from the cloud-forming weather layer, through the upper troposphere, into the stratosphere and ionosphere. The Jupiter orbital tour provides a wealth of opportunities for atmospheric and auroral science: global perspectives with its near-equatorial and inclined phases, sampling all phase angles from dayside to nightside, and investigating phenomena evolving on timescales from minutes to months. The remote sensing payload spans far-UV spectroscopy (50-210 nm), visible imaging (340-1080 nm), visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (0.49-5.56 μm), and sub-millimetre sounding (near 530-625 GHz and 1067-1275 GHz). This is coupled to radio, stellar, and solar occultation opportunities to explore the atmosphere at high vertical resolution; and radio and plasma wave measurements of electric discharges in the Jovian atmosphere and auroras. Cross-disciplinary scientific investigations enable JUICE to explore coupling processes in giant planet atmospheres, to show how the atmosphere is connected to (i) the deep circulation and composition of the hydrogen-dominated interior; and (ii) to the currents and charged particle environments of the external magnetosphere. JUICE will provide a comprehensive characterisation of the atmosphere and auroras of this archetypal giant planet.</p