Designing of a low cost potentiostat

63-65A low cost solid state potentiostat circuit has been designed. The circuit can provide ± 12.5 V voltage output across the working electrode (WE) and countrer electrode (CE) and shows no oscillations in this output range. Within the output limits of ± 12.5 V, control voltage of ± 2.0 V can be set between the working electrode and reference electrode (RE) which is the normal working range in most of the electrochemical studies

Application of synthetic poly-electrolytes with magnetite for purification of raw water

48-52<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">Commercially available polyelectrolytes have been tested for clarification of raw water obtained from river Kuakhai near Bhubaneswar, state capital of Orissa. These reagents used as a coagulating aid, have shown the advantageous effect of decreasing turbidity of settled water there by helping in reducing the dosages of aluminium sulphate. The polymers adjuncted with magnetite particles have increased the kinetics of settling. The effect of polyelectrolytes such as Magnafloc LT-27, LT-31 and LT-225, their concentration and pH have been studied. It has been possible to reduce the turbidity of the raw water from 234 to3 NTU. The total dissolved solids and colour of the water has also been reduced to some extent.</span