Jean Briggs's Never in Anger as an Ethnography of Experience

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66542/2/10.1177_0308275X9301300406.pd

Evolution and future of the sustainable seafood market

The sustainable seafood movement is at a crossroads. Its core strategy, also known as a theory of change, is based on market-oriented initiatives such as third-party certification but does not motivate adequate levels of improved governance and environmental improvements needed in many fisheries, especially in developing countries. Price premiums for certified products are elusive, multiple forms of certification compete in a crowded marketplace and certifiers are increasingly asked to address social as well as ecological goals. This paper traces how the sustainable seafood movement has evolved over time to address new challenges while success remains limited. We conclude by exploring four alternative potential outcomes for the future theory of change, each with different contributions to creating a more sustainable global seafood supply

Altered epitope expression of human interstitial fluid apolipoprotein A-I reduces its ability to activate lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase.

In human peripheral interstitial fluid, esterification of cholesterol by lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was found to occur at a rate of only 10% of that in plasma (5.6 +/- 1.8 compared with 55.6 +/- 7.8 nmol/ml per h). Measurement of cholesterol esterification in the presence of excess reconstituted apoA-I HDL (rA-I HDL) revealed an LCAT activity in interstitial fluid of 24% of that in plasma, indicating that the low rate of esterification could not be caused by limiting mass of LCAT enzyme. When plasma was diluted to the same concentration as in interstitial fluid, the percent cholesterol esterification rate was the same as undiluted plasma and significantly higher than that of interstitial fluid. These findings led us to postulate that poor activation of LCAT in interstitial fluid may result from a change in conformation in apoA-I. To test this hypothesis, a monoclonal antibody AI-11 that inhibits apoA-I activation of LCAT was used to measure apoA-I in interstitial fluid and plasma. Antibody AI-11 recognized interstitial fluid apoA-I poorly, whereas a polyclonal antibody recognized interstitial fluid apoA-I normally. Incubation of antibody AI-11 with high density lipoprotein or rA-I HDL inhibited apoA-I activation of LCAT. We conclude that the altered conformation of apoA-I in interstitial fluid may render it a poor activator of LCAT