Attained body mass index among children attending rural outdoor or urban conventional kindergartens

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether children in rural outdoor kindergartens had attained a lower body mass index z-score (BMIz) and were at lower risk of overweight after school entrance compared to children in urban conventional kindergartens.MethodsThis is a longitudinal observational study of 1,544 children from outdoor kindergartens and 1,640 from conventional kindergartens. The mean age at kindergarten enrolment was 3.5 years (SD: 0.9) in the outdoor kindergartens and 3.6 years (SD: 1.0) in the conventional kindergartens. Anthropometry was measured after school entry by school health nurses when the children were 6 to 8 years old. Attained BMIz was included as the primary outcome. The risk of attaining overweight (including obesity) was included as a secondary outcome. Register-based information was available on potential confounding factors. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess group differences in outcome measures.ResultsOur basic models, with information on outcome, kindergarten type, and birth weight showed a borderline statistically significantly lower attained BMIz (−0.07 [95% CI: −0.14, 0.00], P = 0.060) and a lower risk of overweight (adjusted risk ratio: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.72, 0.97], P = 0.016) among children attending outdoor kindergartens. However, when adjusting for sociodemographic factors and parental BMI, there was no evidence of differences in attained BMIz (P = 0.153) or overweight (P = 0.967).ConclusionWhen considering confounding factors, our findings indicate no differences in attained BMIz or risk of overweight after school entry among children attending rural outdoor kindergartens compared to those attending urban conventional kindergartens

Substituting sedentary time with sleep or physical activity and subsequent weight‐loss maintenance

Objective: In this study, the associations between the substitution of sedentary time with sleep or physical activity at different intensities and subsequent weight‐loss maintenance were examined. Methods: This prospective study included 1152 adults from the NoHoW trial who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% during the 12 months prior to baseline and had BMI ≥25 kg/m2 before losing weight. Physical activity and sleep were objectively measured during a 14‐day period at baseline. Change in body weight was included as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were changes in body fat percentage and waist circumference. Cardiometabolic variables were included as exploratory outcomes. Results: Using isotemporal substitution models, no associations were found between activity substitutions and changes in body weight or waist circumference. However, the substitution of sedentary behavior with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was associated with a decrease in body fat percentage during the first 6 months of the trial (−0.33% per 30 minutes higher moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity [95% CI: −0.60% to −0.07%], p = 0.013). Conclusions: Sedentary behavior had little or no influence on subsequent weight‐loss maintenance, but during the early stages of a weight‐loss maintenance program, substituting sedentary behavior with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity may prevent a gain in body fat percentage

Association between hair cortisol concentration and dietary intake among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity.

BackgroundThe association between chronically elevated cortisol, as measured by hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and dietary intake among children has generally not been explored. Moreover, it is unknown whether there is an association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children.ObjectiveTo examine associations between HCC and dietary intake among children, and to explore the association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study based on 296 children predisposed to overweight and obesity who participated in the Healthy Start study. Multiple Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between HCC and total energy intake, macronutrients, fruit and vegetables, added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and a diet quality index (DQI).ResultsAmong the children, we found that higher HCC was associated with a lower consumption of dietary fat (β: -0.7 g/day [95% CI: -1.3, -0.0] per 100 pg/mg HCC). We found no statistically significant association between HCC and intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate, fruit and vegetables, added sugar, SSB or DQI. We found no association between parental HCC and intake of total energy, added sugar, selected food groups or DQI among their children. However, stratified analyses showed that paternal HCC was associated with a borderline significant lower total energy intake and significantly lower protein intake, but only among daughters (adjusted β: -42 kcal/day [95% CI: -85, 0] and -2.6 g/day [95% CI: -4.4, -0.8] per 100 pg/mg HCC, respectively).ConclusionAmong children, chronic stress as measured by HCC may be associated with a lower fat consumption, and paternal HCC may be associated with a lower intake of energy and protein among their daughters. However, the associations observed were weak, and any clinical relevance of these findings remains questionable

Additional file 3: of Alcohol consumption and its interaction with adiposity-associated genetic variants in relation to subsequent changes in waist circumference and body weight

Interaction between each risk allele and alcohol intake (1 unit increase) in relation to ΔWC (cm/year). Model adjusted for baseline measure of the anthropometrical variables of interest, age, gender, height, smoking status, education, PA, menopausal status and total energy intake. (DOCX 28 kb

Additional file 1: of Alcohol consumption and its interaction with adiposity-associated genetic variants in relation to subsequent changes in waist circumference and body weight

Information on the 50 SNPs included in this study. The individual SNPs are grouped according to their associated trait. (DOCX 19 kb

Additional file 7: of Alcohol consumption and its interaction with adiposity-associated genetic variants in relation to subsequent changes in waist circumference and body weight

Annual change in BW, WC and WCBMI per 1 alcohol unit/day increase in alcohol intake. (DOCX 14 kb