Expressed breast milk feeding: knowledge and attitude of employed mothers

Appropriate knowledge on expressing, storing and use of breast milk are essential for mothers to continue breastfeeding when they return to work. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of employed mothers towards breast milk expression, storage and usage. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 full-time employed mothers who delivered at a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A content-validated questionnaire consisting of 28 questions testing knowledge and nine questions assessing attitude was used. The highest possible scores for knowledge and attitude were 28 and 45, respectively. The mean score for knowledge was 20.47 (SD 4.06). Mothers who scored ≥ 21 (≥75% of maximum score) were categorized as having “good knowledge” while those who scored <21 were considered to have “poor knowledge”. One hundred and seventy (57%) mothers had good knowledge. Good knowledge was significantly associated with Malay ethnicity, tertiary education, multiparity status and prior breastfeeding experience. Two hundred and nineteen (73%) mothers had a positive attitude (scored ≥34). Malay ethnicity, tertiary education, multiparity status, prior experience in giving expressed milk and feasibility of expressing breast milk at the workplace were significantly associated with a positive attitude. More than half of the mothers had good knowledge, and a higher proportion had a positive attitude towards breast milk expression, storage and usage. Additional support and education should be given to mothers who are: non-Malay, non-tertiary educated and having their first child as these factors were associated with poor knowledge and negative attitude

Principals’ Instructional Leadership and Teachers’ Commitment in Three Mara Junior Science Colleges (Mjsc) in Pahang, Malaysia

AbstractThe survey was conducted using quantitative methods to examine the instructional leadership of principals and the teachers’ commitment in three MJSCs in Pahang. Simple random sampling was used to hundred and thirteen (113) teachers using a questionnaire for ‘Principal Management Instruction Rating Scale’ (PIMRS) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics based on the mean, mode, median, standard deviation, T-test, One-way ANOVA and correlation Spearson were used to examine the relationship of instructional leadership in three dimensions that focus on the goals of the school, managing the instructional program and develop a positive school learning climate with the level of teachers’ commitment. The results show that the relationship between instructional leadership and the level of teachers’ commitment is high. There is a significant relationship between instructional leadership and the level of teachers’ commitment in three MJSCs in Pahang. In terms of the implications of the study, the principal should use his own intelligence in instructional leadership skills to develop teachers’ commitment

The role of antenatal vitamin e supplementation in the prevention of neonatal jaundice.

Objective: To determine the effect of maternal antenatal vitamin E supplementation on neonatal jaundice. Methods: A randomized double blind controlled trial assessing the role of vitamin E in the prevention of preeclampsia was conducted in a tertiary hospital over two years. From 12-16 weeks gestation until delivery, primigravida mothers with singleton pregnancies received either 100 mg daily vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol rich fraction, or placebo. The newborns were assessed for jaundice. Results: Among 262 infants, 136 were in the vitamin E group and 126 in the placebo group. The incidence of neonatal jaundice was similar: 38% (54/136) in the vitamin E group and 36% (45/126) in the placebo group (p= 0.10). Nevertheless, the vitamin E group had a tendency for lower peak serum bilirubin, although not significantly so. Conclusion: Maternal antenatal vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the incidence of neonatal jaundice

Electrolysis of aqueous copper (ii) sulphate and sodium hydroxide & electrochemistry: electroplating handbook

This handbook is prepared in order to integrate the microscale approach into the chemistry curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools taking into consideration the limited funding in terms of chemicals, glassware and laboratory facilitie

Determination of empirical formula of copper (ii) oxide and constructing balanced chemical equations handbook

This handbook is prepared in order to integrate the microscale approach into the chemistry curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools taking into consideration the limited funding in terms of chemicals, glassware and laboratory facilitie

Acid-based titration and cation test handbook

This handbook is prepared in order to integrate the microscale approach into the chemistry curriculum of Malaysian secondary schools taking into consideration the limited funding in terms of chemicals, glassware and laboratory facilities

Trend of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from 2004- 2010.

The aim of the Fourth Millennium Developmental Goal is to reduce mortality among children less than 5 years by two thirds between 1990 and 2015. Efforts are more focus on improving children’s health. The aim of this study was to describe the trend of stillbirth and neonatal deaths in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre from 2004 to 2010

DIFFUSION OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) THROUGH THE RURAL INTERNET CENTRE: THE MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE

This paper focuses on examining the ICT diffusion by studying an initiative of the Malaysian government to bridge the digital divide that exists across the country's urban and rural communities. This is achieved through investigating the operation and the experience of a typical Rural Internet Centre. The findings of this study showed that there is keen interest among the community to learn and sharpen their ICT-related skills. The Internet Centre serves to provide an avenue for the realisation of this goal. The study showed that despite some operational snags, the Internet Centre performed well. One of the by-products of the centre was that its activities fostered closer relationships among users; it provided an avenue for disparate community members to interact and share their new skills. Bringing the ICT usage and appreciation to the rural areas was successful. About half of the centre users made weekly visits during which they searched for information on the internet, sent and received e-mail and attended the Internet Centre's regular IT classes. They also saw it as a valuable communication channel and a potential leveller of the technological capability gap.Rural internet centre, ICT diffusion, Malaysia, digital divide, rural community

Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Newborns with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension

Background: Developmental disabilities have been reported in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) treated with inhaled nitric oxide (INO) or intravenous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This paper reports the rate of developmental disabilities at 2 years of age in a cohort of survivors of PPHN treated with INO, MgSO4, or both during the neonatal period. Methods: Sixteen survivors of PPHN were prospectively followed up. These infants were treated with intravenous MgSO4 and/or INO during the neonatal period. Neurodevelopmental assessment was carried out at 2 years of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd Edition by a developmental psychologist. Eleven (68.8%) infants completed the 2-year follow-up. Results: The median mental developmental index (MDI) and physical developmental index scores were 85 (interquartile range, IQR = 27) and 87 (IQR = 33), respectively. Two infants (18.2%) had developmental disability (MDI scores <70). Conclusion: Survivors of PPHN are at risk of developmental disabilities. Early intervention programme and long-term follow-up should be integrated in the management of these infants