Comparison of Personality Factors among People with Substance Dependence Disorder and non-addicted People

Abstract Prescription of drug abuse is an important and significant world issue. This study aims to compare sixteen personality factors among patients with substance abuse disorder and normal people. The research method was ex post facto and statistical population consisted of two groups of addicted individuals and normal individuals in Tehran. 100 addicted patients were selected by convenient sampling method among patients who had referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran. The control group with 100 people was selected from normal people. Research instruments included Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Inventory (16PF) and the collected data was analyzed using ANOVA. Findings revealed that there are significant differences in factor A, factor C, factor E, factor F, factor G, factor H, factor I, factor L, factor M, factor N, factor O, factor Q1, factor Q2, factor Q3, and factor Q4 among addicted and healthy groups. It is concluded that an awareness of the effects of personality factors on substance abuse can help to decrease, or even prevent, addiction disorder. Key words: addiction, personality factors, substance dependence disorde

The Relationship between Resiliency, Psychological Well-being and Marital Satisfaction of Infertile Couples Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization

Background and Objectives: Today infertility problem become social concern and is associated with numerous psychological and social problems. The study sought to determine relationship between levels of resiliency and psychological well-being and marital satisfaction in infertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination. Material and Methods: Method of research was cross correlational that statistical population comprises all infertile couples who referred to infertility clinic in Karaj city that were 60 couples in 2012-2013. 45 couples between 25-44 years old were selected during 5 months by purposive sampling method. Tools were connor-davidson’sresiliency scale, ryff’s psychological well-being questionnaire and hudson’s marital satisfaction. data were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that the relationship between Resiliency (β=0.196, P=0.016) and psychological well-being with marital satisfaction in infertile couples (β=0.291, P=0.002) is positive and signifiant and Resiliency and psychological well-being can explain 47% of variance in marital satisfaction (P>0.001). Conclusion: The study showed resiliency with psychological well-being and marital satisfaction affected on mental structure and interpersonal relationships in infertile couple’s. Hence measures, including education for promoting the resiliency personality, mental health infertile couples to improve their family relationships provide continuity and context

Prediction of depression symptoms based on personality traits and romantic relationships among students

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in modern societies which also including student populations. Etiology of depression is naturally very complicated matter. Some of the effective parameters that have recently gained scholars’ attention are personality traits including romantic relationships that can affect depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship between personality traits and romantic relationships with depression. Research population was students of Payam Noor University of Tehran that 50 married students and were selected by using random sampling method. Research instruments were Beck’s depression Inventory II (BDI-II), shortened revised NEO personality Inventory (NEO-FFI-60) and sternberg's triangular love scale. Data analysis showed that neuroticism component of personality traits as well as intimacy component of Sternberg’s love theory has significant relationship with depression. Moreover, this research showed that neuroticism and intimacy could predict depression symptoms by 37 percent and 10 percent respectively. In order to prevent depression in students, interventional actions are needed to provide more clear relationships based on personality traits

Evaluation of reliability and validity of the Persian version of Peters et al. delusions inventory (PDI-40) in iranian non-clinical and clinical samples

Abstract Background Some individuals may manifest psychotic symptoms that do not fulfill the requisite clinical criteria for a formal diagnosis of psychosis. The assessment of susceptibility to delusions, encompassing both clinical and non-clinical cohorts, frequently makes use of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-40). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-40) in Iranian non-clinical and clinical samples. Methods The present study employed a cross-sectional, correlational design in 2020. A total of 1402 Iranian participants were recruited for the study, which consisted of three distinct stages. The first stage involved an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) conducted on a non-clinical sample of 512 participants. The second stage comprising different non-clinical sample 764 participants to perform a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In the third stage, a clinical sample of 126 psychotic patients was compared to a non-clinical sample. All participants completed the PDI-40, the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences (CAPE-42), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The internal structure of PDI-40 was examined through the analysis of its factor structure using LISREL 8.8. Results The EFA analysis unveiled nine components within Persian version of PDI-40. The CFA analysis demonstrated an excellent fit of the nine-factor structure of Persian PDI-40 to the data. The total score exhibited high internal reliability, as indicated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.92. Moreover, Persian PDI-40 exhibited satisfactory evidence of convergent validity, as significant correlations were observed between dimensions of PDI-40 and subscales of CAPE-42 and DASS-21. Lastly, findings indicated that psychotic participants scored higher than non-clinical participants in all components of the PDI-40(p < 0.05). Conclusion Persian version of the PDI-40 demonstrates strong reliability and validity for assessing delusion proneness in both non-clinical and clinical samples in Iran. The observed distinctions between psychotic and non-clinical participants underscore its potential as a valuable tool for discerning delusion proneness in diverse contexts

Determining Attachment Styles of the Residents (Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 2014)

Introduction: The Attachment system as described by John Bowlby, is an innate human tendency and it is in the service of infants to form a relationship with primary care givers for normal development. In adulthood, this system is activated under stressful conditions and the person responds to it based upon previous internal models of self and the others. Considering the importance of a secure style for health care professionals, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the attachment style in the residents of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In the present study 243 residents in different specialties were recruited and divided into 3 groups. We assessed the attachment styles of the participants using Van Oudenhoven's Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire. Results: No difference in attachment styles among these three groups was found. However, the female residents had a more secure score compared to the male participants. Conclusion: This study, as a preliminary one, offers some questions that may be addressed in the future studies. Paying attention to the attachment styles in the medical students, residents and health care professionals may lead to design proper programs to enhance their abilities to empathize with their patients and development of more effective relationships in their career

Neurofeedback Rehabilitation Reduces Anxiety in Methamphetamine Abusers

Addictive disorders are characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and neurological impairments caused by dysregulations of brain structure that can extend well beyond early withdrawal in the months and years of recovery. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of neurofeedback rehabilitation on anxiety in methamphetamine abusers. The sample consisted of 14 male methamphetamine drug addicts who were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 7) and a control group (n = 7). Participants were assessed for Axis I disorders (SCID) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Mixed repeated ANOVA, independent t-tests, and chi-square were used for data analysis. The experimental group received 18 sessions of neurofeedback rehabilitation and standard psychological interventions treatment as usual, while the control group received only standard interventions. Results showed that neurofeedback significantly reduced anxiety in methamphetamine abusers at posttreatment and during a one-month follow-up. Along with other psychological interventions, neurofeedback rehabilitation is recommended for methamphetamine abusers

Psychometric properties for Persian version Demoralization Scale-24 (DS-24) in Iranian cancer patients

Background: This study focuses on the phenomenon of demoralization, a common experience among terminally ill patients, especially those diagnosed with cancer. The primary objective is to adapt and validate a practical assessment tool for demoralization, the Demoralization Scale-24 (DS-24), within the context of Iranian society. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed the DS-24 as the principal instrument, which had been exactly translated and evaluated for its psychometric properties in 160 Persian cancer patients. The assessment included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as evaluations of convergent validity and internal consistency or reliability. Results: The CFA unveiled a five-factor model, consistent with the original structure of the DS-24. Moreover, statistically significant correlations were observed between the DS-24 and both the Beck Depression and MUNSH happiness scales. Cronbach\u27s alpha indicated high internal consistency, with a value of .92 for the total score. Conclusion: In Iran, like in other countries, the demoralization questionnaire demonstrates significant validity and reliability. This ensures the timely diagnosis of demoralization in cancer patients and the prompt initiation of therapeutic interventions

Psychometric properties of persian version of escapism scale among Iranian adolescents

The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Escapism Scale among Iranian adolescents aged 14-18. Between January 2021 and August 2021, cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method to select 566 participants (340 girls and 226 boys) to investigate the relationship between physical activity and mental health in adolescents. The participants completed several questionnaires, including the Escapism Scale, Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Hope Scale (AHS), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and General Self-efficacy (GSE). Construct validity, reliability using Cronbach's alpha, and concurrent validity were used to evaluate the Escapism Scale's validity and reliability. Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that a two-factor model provided a good fit for the data: sbX2 = 179.99 (p < 0.01); SRMR = 0.07; RMR = 0.56, CFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.89; IFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.89; GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.076). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for escapism was 0.73. The study found a significant positive relationship between escapism and smartphone addiction (r = 0.19). Additionally, a significant negative relationship was observed between escapism and hope (r=-0.31), satisfaction with life (r=-0.34), and general self-efficacy (r=-0.33). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between escapism and gender. Lastly, the study found a significant relationship between escapism and identity confusion (r = 0.164, P < 0.01) and identity coherence (P < 0.01, r = 29). In conclusion, the Escapism Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing escapism and psychological evaluations in Iranian adolescents. These results may inform future research and suggest re-testing in clinical populations