Understanding financial consolidation

Keynote address for a conference sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York entitled Financial Innovation and Monetary TransmissionFinancial modernization ; Bank mergers

Answering the challenges of creating economic opportunity

What can be done to promote economic opportunity for all citizens and help communities prosper? Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., vice chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, discussed this issue when he addressed members of the Commercial Club and the Commonwealth Club in Cincinnati on October 10, 2002.Community development

General discussion : understanding the Greenspan standard

Greenspan, Alan ; Monetary policy ; Business cycles ; Economic conditions

General discussion : the end of large current account deficits : 1970-2002 : are there lessons for the United States?

Greenspan, Alan ; Interest rates ; Deficit financing

General discussion : separating the business cycle from other economic fluctuations

Greenspan, Alan ; Monetary policy ; Business cycles

Panel discussion II: safeguarding good policy practice

Monetary policy

Roger W. Ferguson Speech, On The Future of Financial Services - Revisited, At the Future of Financial Services Conference

This speech was held at the Future of Financial Services Conferenc

Minutes of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Regarding a Bank Supervisory Matter-- Request by Citigroup Inc

Additional Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System staff, who were also present at the time of this meeting, include the following: Mrs. Lowrey, Mrs. Doying, Mr. Hiratsuka, Mr.Skidmore, Mr. Mattingly, Mr. Alavrez, Mr. Ettin, Mr. Kwast, and Mr. Whitesel

Publishing and sharing multi-dimensional image data with OMERO

Imaging data are used in the life and biomedical sciences to measure the molecular and structural composition and dynamics of cells, tissues, and organisms. Datasets range in size from megabytes to terabytes and usually contain a combination of binary pixel data and metadata that describe the acquisition process and any derived results. The OMERO image data management platform allows users to securely share image datasets according to specific permissions levels: data can be held privately, shared with a set of colleagues, or made available via a public URL. Users control access by assigning data to specific Groups with defined membership and access rights. OMERO’s Permission system supports simple data sharing in a lab, collaborative data analysis, and even teaching environments. OMERO software is open source and released by the OME Consortium at www.openmicroscopy.org

Interaction of inflammatory cytokines and erythropoeitin in iron metabolism and erythropoiesis in anaemia of chronic disease

In chronic inflammatory conditions increased endogenous release of specific cytokines (TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IFNγ and others) is presumed. It has been shown that those of monocyte lineage play a key role in cytokine expression and synthesis. This may be associated with changes in iron metabolism and impaired erythropoiesis and may lead to development of anaemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Firstly, increased synthesis of acute phase proteins, like ferritin, during chronic inflammation is proposed as the way by which the toxic effect of iron and thereby the synthesis of free oxy-radicals causing the damage on the affected joints, may be reduced. This is associated with a shift of iron towards the mononuclear phagocyte system which may participate in the development of anaemia of chronic disease. Secondly, an inhibitory action of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1), on proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors as well as on synthesis of erythropoietin has been shown, thereby also contributing to anaemia. Finally, chronic inflammation causes multiple, complex disturbances in the delicate physiologic equilibrium of interaction between cytokines and cells (erythroid progenitors, cells of mononuclear phagocyte system and erythropoietin producing cells) leading to development of anaemia of chronic disease (Fig. 1)