Demographic and behavioral data for healthy volunteers and binge drinkers.

<p>AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, BDI: Beck Depression Inventory, NART: National Adult Reading Test, STAI: Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory. Standard deviations in brackets except where noted otherwise.</p><p>All p-values reported are for 2-tailed independent samples t-tests, equal variances not assumed, except smoking history, which was tested with Fisher's Exact Test.</p>†<p>: Missing values from one participant.</p>‡<p>: Missing values from 5 participants.</p

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores are negatively correlated with hipppcampus and amygdala grey matter volume.

<p>A) Regions of hippocampus and B) amygdala negatively correlated with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores across groups. Hippocampus: Left side: −30.0, −19.5, −16.5; Z = 3.93, FWE-corrected P = 0.009; cluster size  = 289. Amygdala: Left side: −22.5, −9.0, −12.0; Z = 3.08, FWE-corrected  = 0.037; cluster size  = 4. Right side: 27.0, −7.5, −13.5; Z = 3.46, FWE-corrected P = 0.012; cluster size  = 43. All images are shown at whole brain uncorrected P<0.005, cluster size >0, overlaid on the mean group grey matter image, and masked by the atlas delineations of these structures in neurological convention. Voxel-wise t-values are color coded according to legend.</p

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores are negatively correlated with hippocampus and amygdala grey matter volume.

<p>Plots of peak voxel beta values versus Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Hippocampus and amygdala peak voxel parameter estimates were significantly negatively correlated with AUDIT score (R²  = 0.336, P<0.001, and R²  = 0.410, P<0.001, respectively).</p

Overview of network properties and analysis.

<p>(a) Histogram of correlation coefficients (i.e. edge weights) for each group. (b) Schematic diagram of a simple network with a semi-metric connection between nodes 1 and 2 (dashed edge) due to a shorter indirect path comprising edges between nodes 2 and 3 and 3 and 1 (solid edges). (c) The distribution of number of edges for semi-metric paths for each group. (d) Proximity matrices averaged across participants, for each group. (e) Axial projections of metric and semi-metric backbones for the control group. The thickness of the edges represents the percentage of participants within each group with a semi-metric edge at that location, with percentages > 90% omitted.</p

Semi-metric percentages and backbones.

<p>(a) Sagittal, axial and coronal projections of nodes coloured according to the modules in which they are contained. (b) Between-group comparisons (patient groups relative to controls) for whole brain, left and right hemisphere SMP displayed as box-and-whisker plots identifying the median by the central line, the 25^th and 75^th percentile ranges by the limits of the box, and the minimum and maximum range (excluding outliers) by the limits of the whiskers. Outliers are individually displayed and defined as values >1.5 the interquartile range from the 25% and 75% quartiles. (c) Sagittal projections of the left and right hemispheres of the semi-metric backbones for each group. The thickness of the edges represents the percentage of participants within each group with a semi-metric edge at that location, with percentages > 90% omitted.</p

Scatterplots showing correlations between activation during successful retrieval (hits – correct rejections beta value – y axis) in right hippocampus and memory performance (d′ – x axis) in met carriers (left panel) and val homozygotes (right panel).

<p>Scatterplots showing correlations between activation during successful retrieval (hits – correct rejections beta value – y axis) in right hippocampus and memory performance (d′ – x axis) in met carriers (left panel) and val homozygotes (right panel).</p

Whole brain task effects: Statistical Parametric Maps overlaid on MNI template brain showing regions that show significant activation during successful encoding (subsequent hits versus subsequent misses, panel A) or successful retrieval (hits versus misse

<p>SPMs are thresholded at p&lt;0.001 uncorrected for multiple comparisons for display purposes. However, peak voxels survive at FWE p&lt;0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons.</p

Demographic characteristics of the participants.

<p>SD = standard deviation</p><p>Demographic characteristics of the participants.</p

Node degree and node disruption indices.

<p>Sagittal, axial and coronal projections (left-to-right) of nodes for comparisons of node degree in the semi-metric network for each between-group comparisons: (a) ASC vs. controls; (b) MDD vs controls. The radius of the node is proportional to the average degree difference and the colour denotes the direction of the effect; red indicating increases and green decreases, relative to controls. Plots of the difference in mean degree between (c) ASC and (d) MDD, and controls against mean degree for controls, for the semi-metric network. Node disruption indices are defined as the slope of the regression lines, plotted on each graph.</p

Mean beta values for hits, misses and correct rejections during the retrieval phase in right hippocampus by BDNF Val66Met genotype.

<p>Error bars represent SEM.</p