A robust operational model for predicting where tropical cyclone waves damage coral reefs

International audienceTropical cyclone (TC) waves can severely damage coral reefs. Models that predict where to find such damage (the 'damage zone') enable reef managers to: 1) target management responses after major TCs in near-real time to promote recovery at severely damaged sites; and 2) identify spatial patterns in historic TC exposure to explain habitat condition trajectories. For damage models to meet these needs, they must be valid for TCs of varying intensity, circulation size and duration. Here, we map damage zones for 46 TCs that crossed Australia's Great Barrier Reef from 1985–2015 using three models – including one we develop which extends the capability of the others. We ground truth model performance with field data of wave damage from seven TCs of varying characteristics. The model we develop (4MW) out-performed the other models at capturing all incidences of known damage. The next best performing model (AHF) both under-predicted and over-predicted damage for TCs of various types. 4MW and AHF produce strikingly different spatial and temporal patterns of damage potential when used to reconstruct past TCs from 1985–2015. The 4MW model greatly enhances both of the main capabilities TC damage models provide to managers, and is useful wherever TCs and coral reefs co-occur

Vibrations in regular and disordered fractals : from channeling waves to fractons

Computer simulation of the vibrational properties of a Sierpinski carpet are reported. From the computed density of states, we find the spectral dimension d = 1.6 and the presence of singularities attributed to edges of the Brillouin zones of the underlying Bravais lattice. Then, we present mode patterns showing a new form of « channeling wave » at weak disorder becoming Anderson-localized at strong disorder. This is reflected in a non-monotonic variation of the participation ratio as a function of disorder. Analysing the mode patterns, we find no evidence supporting the conjecture of superlocalization. This study shows that the concept of a universal fracton is not appropriate to describe the two types of vibrational excitations we observe.On présente des résultats sur les propriétés de vibrations d'un tapis de Sierpinski obtenus à partir de simulations numériques. Du calcul de la densité d'états on obtient la dimension spectrale d = 1.6 ; on observe aussi la présence de singularités associées aux bords de zones de Brillouin du réseau de Bravais sous-jacent. Puis, on présente des cartes de modes où l'on voit un nouveau type d'onde « canalisé » à faible désordre qui devient localisé (au sens d'Anderson) à fort désordre. Ceci est reflété par la variation non monotone du taux de participation en fontion du désordre. De l'analyse des cartes de modes, nous n'avons trouvé aucun indice en faveur de la conjecture de « superlocalisation ». Cette étude montre que le concept de fracton « universel » ne peut décrire les deux types de vibrations observés

Recombinant antigens based on toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile that evoke a potent toxin-neutralising immune response

AbstractInfection with the bacterium Clostridium difficile causes symptoms ranging from mild to severe diarrhoea with life-threatening complications and remains a significant burden to healthcare systems throughout the developed world. Two potent cytotoxins, TcdA and TcdB are the prime mediators of the syndrome and rapid neutralisation of these would afford significant benefits in disease management. In the present study, a broad range of non-toxic, recombinant fragments derived from TcdA and TcdB were designed for soluble expression in E. coli and assessed for their capacity to generate a potent toxin-neutralising immune response as assessed by cell-based assays. Significant differences between the efficacies of isolated TcdA and TcdB regions with respect to inducing a neutralising immune response were observed. While the C-terminal repeat regions played the principal role in generating neutralising antibodies to TcdA, in the case of TcdB, the central region domains dominated the neutralising immune response. For both TcdA and TcdB, fragments which comprised domains from both the central and C-terminal repeat region of the toxins were found to induce the most potent neutralising immune responses. Generated antibodies neutralised toxins produced by a range of C. difficile isolates including ribotype 027 and 078 strains. Passive immunisation of hamsters with a combination of antibodies to TcdA and TcdB fragments afforded complete protection from severe CDI induced by a challenge of bacterial spores. The results of the study are discussed with respect to the development of a cost effective immunotherapeutic approach for the management of C. difficile infection

1600 RN

Due to a changing employment arena, healthcare organizations are hiring more new graduate RNs into acute care units. MMC’s usual process is to put new hires into night shift. Historically, night shifts have less resource availability. These combined factors left staff feeling unsupported; patient care could be compromised when less support is available to those in the beginning of their careers

Gender- and age-related differences in clinical presentation and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease

<br>Introduction: Contemporary generalizable data on the demographics and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in routine clinical practice are sparse. Using the data from the CLARIFY registry we describe gender- and age-related differences in baseline characteristics and management of these patients across broad geographic regions.</br> <br>Methods: This international, prospective, observational, longitudinal registry enrolled stable CAD outpatients from 45 countries in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, and North, Central, and South America.</br> <br>Results: Baseline data were available for 33 280 patients. Mean (SD) age was 64 (10.5) years and 22.5% of patients were female. The prevalence of CAD risk factors was generally higher in women than in men. Women were older (66.6 vs 63.4 years), more frequently diagnosed with diabetes (33% vs 28%), hypertension (79% vs 69%), and higher resting heart rate (69 vs 67 bpm), and were less physically active. Smoking and a history of myocardial infarction were more common in men. Women were more likely to have angina (28% vs 20%), but less likely to have undergone revascularization procedures. CAD was more likely to be asymptomatic in older patients perhaps because of reduced levels of physical activity. Prescription of evidence-based medication for secondary prevention varied with age, with patients ≥ 75 years treated less often with beta blockers, aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors than patients < 65 years.</br> <br>Conclusions: Important gender-related differences in clinical characteristics and management continue to exist in all age groups of outpatients with stable CAD.</br&gt

Considering Intra-individual Genetic Heterogeneity to Understand Biodiversity

In this chapter, I am concerned with the concept of Intra-individual Genetic Hetereogeneity (IGH) and its potential influence on biodiversity estimates. Definitions of biological individuality are often indirectly dependent on genetic sampling -and vice versa. Genetic sampling typically focuses on a particular locus or set of loci, found in the the mitochondrial, chloroplast or nuclear genome. If ecological function or evolutionary individuality can be defined on the level of multiple divergent genomes, as I shall argue is the case in IGH, our current genetic sampling strategies and analytic approaches may miss out on relevant biodiversity. Now that more and more examples of IGH are available, it is becoming possible to investigate the positive and negative effects of IGH on the functioning and evolution of multicellular individuals more systematically. I consider some examples and argue that studying diversity through the lens of IGH facilitates thinking not in terms of units, but in terms of interactions between biological entities. This, in turn, enables a fresh take on the ecological and evolutionary significance of biological diversity

Irony Detection in Twitter: The Role of Affective Content

© ACM 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version of Record was published in ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, Vol. 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2930663.[EN] Irony has been proven to be pervasive in social media, posing a challenge to sentiment analysis systems. It is a creative linguistic phenomenon where affect-related aspects play a key role. In this work, we address the problem of detecting irony in tweets, casting it as a classification problem. We propose a novel model that explores the use of affective features based on a wide range of lexical resources available for English, reflecting different facets of affect. Classification experiments over different corpora show that affective information helps in distinguishing among ironic and nonironic tweets. Our model outperforms the state of the art in almost all cases.The National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT Mexico) has funded the research work of Delia Irazu Hernandez Farias (Grant No. 218109/313683 CVU-369616). The work of Viviana Patti was partially carried out at the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia within the framework of a fellowship of the University of Turin cofunded by Fondazione CRT (World Wide Style Program 2). The work of Paolo Rosso has been partially funded by the SomEMBED TIN2015-71147-C2-1-P MINECO research project and by the Generalitat Valenciana under the grant ALMAMATER (PrometeoII/2014/030).Hernandez-Farias, DI.; Patti, V.; Rosso, P. (2016). Irony Detection in Twitter: The Role of Affective Content. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology. 16(3):19:1-19:24. https://doi.org/10.1145/2930663S19:119:24163Rob Abbott, Marilyn Walker, Pranav Anand, Jean E. Fox Tree, Robeson Bowmani, and Joseph King. 2011. 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