Male reproductive success and forearm length.

<p>The relationship between forearm length and paternity success among breeding males between 1993 and 2011; larger males had greater annual reproductive success. In addition, male forearm length significantly and positively influenced total male reproductive success over the 19 year period between 1993 and 2011.</p

Male reproductive skew and number of pups born between 1993 and 2011.

<p>Changes in male reproductive skew (filled circles) and cohort size (open circles) through time in the Woodchester Mansion greater horseshoe bat population. Because adult females maximally produce one offspring per year, the number of pups born is a proxy for the colony size, which in turn reflects the population size.</p

Comparing the mean forearm length and heterozygosity of breeding and non-breeding male and female bats.

<p>Comparing the mean forearm length (mm) and heterozygosity of breeding and non-breeding male and female bats respectively. <i>n</i> denotes sample size.</p

Determinants of male and female reproductive success.

<p>Effect size and significance of each fixed variable added to a general linear mixed model built to describe male and female reproductive success respectively in the Woodchester Mansion greater horseshoe population. MX denotes model number, <i>n</i> denotes sample size, na ‘not applicable’,</p>***<p>denotes an effect significant at the 0.001 level and</p>*<p>an effect significant at the 0.05 level. The best model for each sex, which contained only explanatory variables significant at the 0.05 level, was selected using the log-likelihood values of respective models and is highlighted in bold.</p

The effect of forearm length and genetic heterozygosity on male and female reproductive success.

<p>The effect of forearm length and genetic heterozygosity on male and female reproductive success respectively, at Woodchester Mansion, over the period 1993–2011. <i>n</i> denotes sample size,</p>***<p>denotes an effect significant at the 0.001 level,</p><p>** an effect significant at the 0.01 level and</p>*<p>an effect significant at the 0.05 level.</p

Age and reproductive success in breeding greater horseshoe bats.

<p>A) The mean cumulative reproductive success of breeding males (filled circles) and females (open circles), with standard errors, at a given age. This figure only includes data from bats born in or after 1991; we did not include bats born before 1991 because they might have had additional pups prior to 1993. B) The mean annual reproductive success of breeding male (filled circles) and female (open circles) bats in a single year, with standard errors, at a given age. Mean annual female reproductive success at any given age is always 1 as females can only have one pup each year.</p