5 research outputs found

    Phase-preserving Multilevel Amplitude Regeneration Using Modified Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirrors

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    Single and cascaded NALM performance was investigated in numerical simulations for star-8QAM. An amplitude noise reduction above 5dB was obtained for each signal state leading to an increase of up to 7dB in signal power, launched in a transmission line

    Multilevel Phase-Preserving Amplitude Regeneration Using a Single Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror

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    A possibility of multilevel phase-preserving amplitude regeneration using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) is presented for the optical star-8 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmission format as an example. Two significantly different state power ratios for the QAM signal, 1:3 and 1:7, were investigated. After the optimization of the coupler splitting ratio and the directional phase bias in the NALM, amplitude noise can be efficiently suppressed at both signal power levels simultaneously. Bit-error-ratio (BER) simulations have shown that in a system limited by nonlinear phase noise, the deployment of the NALM allows an increase of the fiber launch power by 1.9 and 2.2 dB at a BER of 10(-3) for a state power ratio of 1:3 and 1:7, respectively. The regeneration limits due to imperfections of the power transfer characteristic are also discussed

    Photoremovable Protecting Groups in Chemistry and Biology: Reaction Mechanisms and Efficacy

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