25 research outputs found
Deep taxon sampling reveals the evolutionary dynamics of novel gene families in Pristionchus nematodes
The widespread identification of genes without detectable homology in related taxa is a hallmark of genome sequencing projects in animals, together with the abundance of gene duplications. Such genes have been called novel, young, taxon-restricted, or orphans, but little is known about the mechanisms accounting for their origin, age, and mode of evolution. Phylogenomic studies relying on deep and systematic taxon sampling and using the comparative method can provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics acting on novel genes. We used a phylogenomic approach for the nematode model organism Pristionchus pacificus and sequenced six additional Pristionchus and two outgroup species. This resulted in 10 genomes with a ladder-like phylogeny, sequenced in one laboratory using the same platform and analyzed by the same bioinformatic procedures. Our analysis revealed that 68%-81% of genes are assignable to orthologous gene families, the majority of which defined nine age classes with presence/absence patterns that can be explained by single evolutionary events. Contrasting different age classes, we find that older age classes are concentrated at chromosome centers, whereas novel gene families preferentially arise at the periphery, are weakly expressed, evolve rapidly, and have a high propensity of being lost. Over time, they increase in expression and become more constrained. Thus, the detailed phylogenetic resolution allowed a comprehensive characterization of the evolutionary dynamics of Pristionchus genomes indicating that distribution of age classes and their associated differences shape chromosomal divergence. This study establishes the Pristionchus system for future research on the mechanisms that drive the formation of novel genes
Frequency and compliance of specific immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis from two German Federal States
Sensitisation rates to allergens, which may dispread due to climate change: first results of a survey conducted in two German Federal States
Prevalence of allergic cat and dog sensitization in adult patients with allergic rhinitis from two German Federal States
Sensitisation rates to allergens, which may dispread due to climate change: first results of a survey conducted in two German Federal States
A new approach of stiffness degradation modeling for carbon fiber-reinforced polymers under cyclic fully reversed bending
Penicillin tolerance induction in pregnancy: Allergological statement on the recommendation of the current guideline on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis (AWMF register no. 059-002)
Practical recommendations for the allergological risk assessment of the COVID-19 vaccination - a harmonized statement of allergy centers in Germany
Severe allergic reactions to vaccines are very rare. Single severe reactions have occurred worldwide after vaccination with the new mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. PEG2000 is discussed as a possible trigger. We provide guidance on risk assessment regarding COVID-19 vaccination in patients with allergic diseases and suggest a standardized. resource-oriented diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Reports of severe allergic reactions in the context of COVID-19 vaccination can be made via www.anaphylaxie. net using an online questionnaire