Imaging in rhabdomyosarcoma: a patient journey

Rhabdomyosarcoma, although rare, is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. It can present as a mass at nearly any site in the body, with most common presentations in the head and neck, genitourinary tract and extremities. The optimal diagnostic approach and management of rhabdomyosarcoma require a multidisciplinary team with multimodal treatment, including chemotherapy and local therapy. Survival has improved over the last decades; however, further improvement in management is essential with current 5-year overall survival ranging from 35% to 100%, depending on disease and patient characteristics. In the full patient journey, from diagnosis, staging, management to follow-up after therapy, the paediatric radiologist and nuclear physician are essential members of the multidisciplinary team. Recently, guidelines of the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group, the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe and the Oncology Task Force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR), in an ongoing collaboration with the International Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Database Consortium, provided guidance for high-quality imaging. In this educational paper, given as a lecture during the 2022 postgraduate ESPR course, the multi-disciplinary team of our national paediatric oncology centre presents the journey of two patients with rhabdomyosarcoma and discusses the impact on and considerations for the clinical (paediatric) radiologist and nuclear physician. The key learning points of the guidelines and their implementation in clinical practice are highlighted and up-to-date insights provided for all aspects from clinical suspicion of rhabdomyosarcoma and its differential diagnosis, to biopsy, staging, risk stratification, treatment response assessment and follow-up

Correction to: Imaging in rhabdomyosarcoma: a patient journey

The original published online version stated: "For primary tumour size, 2-dimensional (D) measurements according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1 are recommended in the European guideline and used for international studies [17, 24]." This was an error, and the sentence should read: "For primary tumour size, 1-dimensional (D) measurements according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1 are recommended in the European guideline and used for international studies [17, 24]." The original article has been corrected

LSST Science Book, Version 2.0

A survey that can cover the sky in optical bands over wide fields to faint magnitudes with a fast cadence will enable many of the exciting science opportunities of the next decade. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will have an effective aperture of 6.7 meters and an imaging camera with field of view of 9.6 deg^2, and will be devoted to a ten-year imaging survey over 20,000 deg^2 south of +15 deg. Each pointing will be imaged 2000 times with fifteen second exposures in six broad bands from 0.35 to 1.1 microns, to a total point-source depth of r~27.5. The LSST Science Book describes the basic parameters of the LSST hardware, software, and observing plans. The book discusses educational and outreach opportunities, then goes on to describe a broad range of science that LSST will revolutionize: mapping the inner and outer Solar System, stellar populations in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the structure of the Milky Way disk and halo and other objects in the Local Volume, transient and variable objects both at low and high redshift, and the properties of normal and active galaxies at low and high redshift. It then turns to far-field cosmological topics, exploring properties of supernovae to z~1, strong and weak lensing, the large-scale distribution of galaxies and baryon oscillations, and how these different probes may be combined to constrain cosmological models and the physics of dark energy.Comment: 596 pages. Also available at full resolution at http://www.lsst.org/lsst/sciboo

Operationalizing behavior change theory as part of persuasive technology: A scoping review on social comparison

Theories from psychology or the social sciences are commonly used as a starting point when designing persuasive technologies that aim to evoke a specific behavior change. Ideally, using these theories would (1) help guide the design of the persuasive technology and (2) help evaluate and inform the theory. In this paper, we focused on the first aspect and looked at how papers report on how a theory guided the design of persuasive technology. We performed a scoping review focused on the operationalization of social comparison theory as part of persuasive design. We chose social comparison due to its ubiquitous use in persuasive design as well as its potential positive or negative influence on the user. The former requires careful consideration in a persuasive design prototype. We focused on the proceedings of the Persuasive Technology conference from 2006 to 2020 to gain an understanding of the use of social comparison theory as part of persuasive design. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria. Explanations of how the theory guides design decisions leading to the final operationalization were sparse. We suggest that conducting manipulation checks and using a systematic approach to reporting design decisions including the potential grounding of design elements in theory could highlight and clarify theoretical insights, and could increase our understanding of how social comparison—and behavior change theory in general—could be efficiently operationalized in persuasive technologies.Design Aesthetic

The three-step persuasion model on YouTube: A grounded theory study on persuasion in the protein supplements industry

Persuasion can be defined as an active attempt by a person to change the behavior and attitudes of others. The purposive attempt to influence one’s behavior can originate from different areas, and people who are able to do so are often referred to as influencers. Social media platforms such as Instagram or YouTube have become crucial platforms for influencers who generate their income by recommending products and services to their followers, including cosmetics, multimedia articles or clothing. Studies indicate that influencers actively try to persuade the viewer to adopt specific desirable behavior by strategically altering their displayed behavior on social media. Such strategies have mainly been explored in the context of beauty products, where lack of expertise and misinformation might have few negative consequences. Less is known about strategies used in a health-sensitive context, such as nutritional supplements. This research addresses this gap and aims to understand persuasive techniques used by health professionals on YouTube to promote the use of protein supplements. This study is based on an interpretive paradigm using interpretive grounded theory to analyze 60 YouTube videos. We developed a three-step model of persuasion for YouTube videos consisting of the steps: reaching the message, staying on the message, and performing the action that the persuader desires. Our analysis resulted in five core themes that contributed to the persuasiveness of the analyzed YouTube videos. These themes included: Quality, curiosity, engagement, concretization, and genuineness. We conclude the paper with reflections on our model’s theoretical and practical implications.Design Aesthetic

Mattpod: A Design Proposal for a Multi-Sensory Solo Dining Experience

The consumption of a meal is not just a bodily requirement but can also carry significant symbolic meaning. Solo dining is often contrasted to a shared eating experience and portrayed as an inferior way of eating a meal due to lacking essential social and normative qualities. Human-computer interaction research increasingly explores different ways of enhancing the solo dining experience. However, a focus seems to be on recreating aspects essential to the shared eating experience, such as a dining companion being present, rather than trying to enhance aspects that solo diners enjoy and, therefore, contribute to a reverie in eating. Based on earlier research findings, we developed a design concept that includes sound and visual elements supporting the multi-sensory eating experience and encouraging the user to concentrate on the food rather than seeking distraction. The formative usability evaluation results indicate that the proposed design needs further refinement to evoke the anticipated effect.Design Aesthetic

Commensality or Reverie in Eating? Exploring the Solo Dining Experience

Commensality, the act of eating together, is commonly associated with many benefits. Dining solo, in contrast, is frequently connected to adverse effects on a person. There is a growing interest in human-computer interaction (HCI) and design in how innovations can enhance eating experiences by, for example, facilitating commensality. The steadily growing number of people eating alone and the associated risks beg the question of how HCI and design could contribute to and improve the solo dining experience and whether or not mimicking or facilitating commensality is what solo diners want. This two-phased study reports on the context exploration of the multimodal solitary dining experience. In the first phase, we scoped the literature describing the benefits and drawbacks of solo dining and commensality. For the second phase, a digital food diary was developed and completed by six solo diners to collect further insights and user requirements. Photos and annotations collected as part of the food diary were analyzed using content analysis. The results indicate several advantages of eating alone, including feeling relaxed, perceiving solo dining as a moment of self-pampering, and appreciating the cooking experience. Overall, it seems that solo dining is not merely a lack of commensality, but a unique experience in and of itself, where people seem to strive towards finding reverie in eating.Design Aesthetic