52 research outputs found
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎβΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π΅βΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π΅βΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ H. Ρylori. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ·Π²Ρ.ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎβΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ· Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π°Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π΅βΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π΅βΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ H. Ρylori. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Ρ'ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ.The investigation of the effect of standard schemes of secondβline quadritherapy on the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with duodenal ulcer disease revealed that the scheme with Omeprazole, DeβNol, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline and Omeprazole DeβNol, Tetracycline, Metronidazole influence equally the dynamics of clinical symptoms and frequency of eradication of H. pylori. However, the first scheme more effectively influenced the disorders in the mechanism of synthesis of protective mucus barrier and regeneration processes, which contributed to the high frequency of ulcer cicatrisation
The microbial contribution to litter decomposition and plant growth
Soil and plant roots are colonized by highly complex and diverse communities of microbes. It has been proposed that bacteria and fungi have synergistic effects on litter decomposition, but experimental evidence supporting this claim is weak. In this study, we manipulated the composition of two microbial kingdoms (Bacteria and Fungi) in experimental microcosms. In microcosms that were inoculated with fungi, litter loss was 47% higher than in microcosms that were not inoculated or only inoculated with bacteria. Combined inoculation with both bacteria and fungi did not significantly enhance decomposition compared with the fungi-only treatments, and, as such, we found no evidence for complementary effects using our experimental setup. Inoculation with fungi also had a positive impact on plant growth after 4 and 8βweeks (480% and 710% growth stimulation, respectively). After 16βweeks, plant biomass was highest in microcosms where both bacteria and fungi were present pointing to fungal-bacterial complementarity in stimulating plant growth. Overall, this study suggests that fungi are the main decomposers of plant litter and that the inoculated fungi contribute to plant growth in our experimental system
A tripartite bacterial-fungal-plant symbiosis in the mycorrhiza-shaped microbiome drives plant growth and mycorrhization
BACKGROUND: Plant microbiomes play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and plant growth, and are shaped by a complex interplay between plants, microbes, and the environment. The role of bacteria as mediators of the 400-million-year-old partnership between the majority of land plants and, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is still poorly understood. Here, we test whether AM hyphae-associated bacteria influence the success of the AM symbiosis.
RESULTS: Using partitioned microcosms containing field soil, we discovered that AM hyphae and roots selectively assemble their own microbiome from the surrounding soil. In two independent experiments, we identified several bacterial genera, including Devosia, that are consistently enriched on AM hyphae. Subsequently, we isolated 144 pure bacterial isolates from a mycorrhiza-rich sample of extraradical hyphae and isolated Devosia sp. ZB163 as root and hyphal colonizer. We show that this AM-associated bacterium synergistically acts with mycorrhiza on the plant root to strongly promote plant growth, nitrogen uptake, and mycorrhization.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight that AM fungi do not function inΒ isolation and that the plant-mycorrhiza symbiont can recruit beneficial bacteria that support the symbiosis. Video Abstract
The microbial contribution to litter decomposition and plant growth
Soil and plant roots are colonized by highly complex and diverse communities of microbes. It has been proposed that bacteria and fungi have synergistic effects on litter decomposition, but experimental evidence supporting this claim is weak. In this study, we manipulated the composition of two microbial kingdoms (Bacteria and Fungi) in experimental microcosms. In microcosms that were inoculated with fungi, litter loss was 47% higher than in microcosms that were not inoculated or only inoculated with bacteria. Combined inoculation with both bacteria and fungi did not significantly enhance decomposition compared with the fungi-only treatments, and, as such, we found no evidence for complementary effects using our experimental setup. Inoculation with fungi also had a positive impact on plant growth after 4 and 8 weeks (480% and 710% growth stimulation, respectively). After 16 weeks, plant biomass was highest in microcosms where both bacteria and fungi were present pointing to fungal-bacterial complementarity in stimulating plant growth. Overall, this study suggests that fungi are the main decomposers of plant litter and that the inoculated fungi contribute to plant growth in our experimental system
Seed tuber imprinting shapes the next-generation potato microbiome
Background: Potato seed tubers are colonized and inhabited by soil-borne microbes, that can affect the performance of the emerging daughter plant in the next season. In this study, we investigated the intergenerational inheritance of microbiota from seed tubers to next-season daughter plants under field condition by amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with tubers and roots, and tracked the microbial transmission from different seed tuber compartments to sprouts. Results: We observed that field of production and potato genotype significantly (P < 0.01) affected the composition of the seed tuber microbiome and that these differences persisted during winter storage of the seed tubers. Remarkably, when seed tubers from different production fields were planted in a single trial field, the microbiomes of daughter tubers and roots of the emerging plants could still be distinguished (P < 0.01) according to the production field of the seed tuber. Surprisingly, we found little vertical inheritance of field-unique microbes from the seed tuber to the daughter tubers and roots, constituting less than 0.2% of their respective microbial communities. However, under controlled conditions, around 98% of the sprout microbiome was found to originate from the seed tuber and had retained their field-specific patterns. Conclusions: The field of production shapes the microbiome of seed tubers, emerging potato plants and even the microbiome of newly formed daughter tubers. Different compartments of seed tubers harbor distinct microbiomes. Both bacteria and fungi on seed tubers have the potential of being vertically transmitted to the sprouts, and the sprout subsequently promotes proliferation of a select number of microbes from the seed tuber. Recognizing the role of plant microbiomes in plant health, the initial microbiome of seed tubers specifically or planting materials in general is an overlooked trait. Elucidating the relative importance of the initial microbiome and the mechanisms by which the origin of planting materials affect microbiome assembly will pave the way for the development of microbiome-based predictive models that may predict the quality of seed tuber lots, ultimately facilitating microbiome-improved potato cultivation
Seed tuber imprinting shapes the next-generation potato microbiome
Potato seed tubers are colonized and inhabited by soil-borne microbes, some of which can positively or negatively impact the performance of the emerging daughter plant in the next season. In this study, we investigated the intergenerational inheritance of microbiota from seed tubers to next-season daughter plants by amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with tubers and roots of two seed potato genotypes produced in six different fields. We observed that field of production and potato genotype significantly affected the seed tuber microbiome composition and that these differences persisted during winter storage of the seed tubers. When seed tubers from different production fields were planted in a single trial field, the microbiomes of daughter tubers and roots of the emerging plants could still be distinguished according to the field of origin of the seed tuber. Remarkably, we found little evidence of direct vertical inheritance of field-unique microbes from the seed tuber to the daughter tubers or roots. Hence, we hypothesize that this intergenerational memory is imprinted in the seed tuber, resulting in differential microbiome assembly strategies depending on the field of production of the seed tuber
Obligate biotroph downy mildew consistently induces near-identical protective microbiomes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an obligately biotrophic downy mildew that is routinely cultured on Arabidopsis thaliana hosts that harbour complex microbiomes. We hypothesized that the culturing procedure proliferates Hpa-associated microbiota (HAM) in addition to the pathogen and exploited this model system to investigate which microorganisms consistently associate with Hpa. Using amplicon sequencing, we found nine bacterial sequence variants that are shared between at least three out of four Hpa cultures in the Netherlands and Germany and comprise 34% of the phyllosphere community of the infected plants. Whole-genome sequencing showed that representative HAM bacterial isolates from these distinct Hpa cultures are isogenic and that an additional seven published Hpa metagenomes contain numerous sequences of the HAM. Although we showed that HAM benefit from Hpa infection, HAM negatively affect Hpa spore formation. Moreover, we show that pathogen-infected plants can selectively recruit HAM to both their roots and shoots and form a soil-borne infection-associated microbiome that helps resist the pathogen. Understanding the mechanisms by which infection-associated microbiomes are formed might enable breeding of crop varieties that select for protective microbiomes
Beneficial microbes going underground of root immunity
Plant roots interact with an enormous diversity of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes, which poses a big challenge to roots to distinguish beneficial microbes from harmful ones. Plants can effectively ward off pathogens following immune recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, such immune elicitors are essentially not different from those of neutral and beneficial microbes that are abundantly present in the root microbiome. Recent studies indicate that the plant immune system plays an active role in influencing rhizosphere microbiome composition. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that root-invading beneficial microbes, including rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza, evade or suppress host immunity to establish a mutualistic relationship with their host. Evidence is accumulating that many free-living rhizosphere microbiota members can suppress root immune responses, highlighting root immune suppression as an important function of the root microbiome. Thus, the gate keeping functions of the plant immune system are not restricted to warding off root-invading pathogens but also extend to rhizosphere microbiota, likely to promote colonization by beneficial microbes and prevent growth-defense tradeoffs triggered by the MAMP-rich rhizosphere environment
Beneficial microbes going underground of root immunity
Plant roots interact with an enormous diversity of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes, which poses a big challenge to roots to distinguish beneficial microbes from harmful ones. Plants can effectively ward off pathogens following immune recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, such immune elicitors are essentially not different from those of neutral and beneficial microbes that are abundantly present in the root microbiome. Recent studies indicate that the plant immune system plays an active role in influencing rhizosphere microbiome composition. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that root-invading beneficial microbes, including rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza, evade or suppress host immunity to establish a mutualistic relationship with their host. Evidence is accumulating that many free-living rhizosphere microbiota members can suppress root immune responses, highlighting root immune suppression as an important function of the root microbiome. Thus, the gate keeping functions of the plant immune system are not restricted to warding off root-invading pathogens but also extend to rhizosphere microbiota, likely to promote colonization by beneficial microbes and prevent growth-defense tradeoffs triggered by the MAMP-rich rhizosphere environment
Draft Genome Sequence Analysis of a Pseudomonas putida W15Oct28 Strain with Antagonistic Activity to Gram-Positive and Pseudomonas sp. Pathogens
Pseudomonas putida is a member of the fluorescent pseudomonads known to produce the yellow-green fluorescent pyoverdine siderophore. P. putida W15Oct28, isolated from a stream in Brussels, was found to produce compound(s) with antimicrobial activity against the opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, an unusual characteristic for P. putida. The active compound production only occurred in media with low iron content and without organic nitrogen sources. Transposon mutants which lost their antimicrobial activity had the majority of insertions in genes involved in the biosynthesis of pyoverdine, although purified pyoverdine was not responsible for the antagonism. Separation of compounds present in culture supernatants revealed the presence of two fractions containing highly hydrophobic molecules active against P. aeruginosa. Analysis of the draft genome confirmed the presence of putisolvin biosynthesis genes and the corresponding lipopeptides were found to contribute to the antimicrobial activity. One cluster of ten genes was detected, comprising a NAD-dependent epimerase, an acetylornithine aminotransferase, an acyl CoA dehydrogenase, a short chain dehydrogenase, a fatty acid desaturase and three genes for a RND efflux pump. P. putida W15Oct28 genome also contains 56 genes encoding TonB-dependent receptors, conferring a high capacity to utilize pyoverdines from other pseudomonads. One unique feature of W15Oct28 is also the presence of different secretion systems including a full set of genes for type IV secretion, and several genes for type VI secretion and their VgrG effectors
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