Геотемпературный режим баженовской свиты и нефтеперспективные зоны меловых отложений (Нюрольская мегавпадина)

По замерам пластовых температур верхнеюрских отложений построена карта распределения геотемператур баженовской свиты Нюрольской мегавпадины и структур ее обрамления. По геотемпературному критерию выделены очаги интенсивной генерации баженовских нефтей. Местоположения эпицентров очагов рекомендованы в качестве первоочередных зон для выявления объектов в меловом нефтегазоносном комплексе

Goal programming and analytical hierarchy process approaches for sustainable plantation

The aim of this study was to develop an optimal sustainable forest plantation based on goal programming and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. This study was carried out in Guilan province, north of Iran. First of all, the ecological capability of the study area for plantation establishment/maintenance was evaluated based on multi-factor method and specific ecological Makhdoum Model by means of GIS tools. Then goal programming approach as a multi criteria optimization technique was used for optimization. Therefore, ecological, economic and social aims were considered. Carbon sequestration was chosen as an ecological criterion. To estimate the total aboveground biomass and carbon content stem volume, stem biomass and crown biomass were measured using allometric equations. The net present value was also calculated using stumpage price, harvesting cost, consumer price index, annual growth, interest rate and optimal rotating. Estimated required labour for different plantation items were obtained from data base of Iranian Forests Rangelands and Watershed Management Organization. In order to achieve all purposes simultaneously, the goal programming technique was applied. Results indicated that using mathematical modeling provided a more logical set of consequences compared to using ecological modeling. The ability to change the weighting of the variables in the mathematical equations enabled decision makers to choose the optimal solution. Final results indicated that the appropriate plantation area for each species are as follow: Acer velutinum (810 ha), Alnus subcordata (348 ha), Pinus taeda (235 ha), Tilia begonifolia (165 ha), Quercus castanifolia (149 ha), Pinus nigra (110 ha) and Fraxinus excelsior (0 ha)

Highly reproducible and defect-free MOVPE overgrowth of InGaAsP-based DFB gratings

The paper reports on a study aiming to develop a highly reproducible process for the MOVPE overgrowth of first-order gratings made by reactive ion etching in InGaAsP. MOVPE parameters were elaborated, which guarantee both nearly perfect preservation of the gratings and an almost defect-free surface of the regrown InP layer. Whereas the former goal calls for a low growth temperature, the latter was found to be achievable only above a critical growth temperature depending on the growth rate adjusted. As a good compromise, a regrowth starting temperature of 550 degrees C and an extremely high V/III ratio in the initial stage of regrowth have been chosen. Furthermore, a well-adjusted concentration of AsH3 has been added during the heat-up cycle

Verfahren zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Abgasen.

DE 3342816 A UPAB: 19930925 In a first stage, (I) are oxidised by spontaneous reaction with bromic or iodic acid or solns. or bromate or iodate salts or aq. or organic solns. of Br2 or I2 and converted completely to water-soluble acids. In a second stage, the Br2 or I2 formed in the first stage is converted to bromide and bromate or iodide and iodate and dissolved and H halides and pseudohalides are neutralised completely from the process waste gases, using a basic soln.. Pref. waste gas contains gp. V element hydrides, esp. triorganophosphanes. The HCl in the gas is neutralised in the second stage, pref. with a hydroxide soln. Several first stages are used, connected independently to process plants, and operate with a common second stage. The gases leaving the second stage are passed through carbon filters. USE/ADVANTAGE - Useful in conjuction with chemical processes, pref. those used in semiconductor mfr. (e.g. the CVD process). The gas can be freed almost completely from various harmful gases at room temp.. 0/

A reliable fabrication technique for very low resistance ohmic contacts to p-InGaAs using low energy Ar+ ion beam sputtering

A fabrication technique for non-alloyed Au/Pt/Ti ohmic contacts to p-InGaAs (NA=1*1020 cm-3) is discussed. The semiconductor surface is cleaned by Ar+ ions immediately followed by the metal deposition by electron beam evaporation. The low energy (60 eV) Ar+ ion etching removes the residual oxide layer existent on the semiconductor surface. The contact is formed by rapid thermal processing (RTP) at 400+or-C. It is shown that extremely low specific contact resistances (rc =6*10-8 Omega -cm2) can be achieved, even for 2.5 mu m contact widths, and that the contacts produced exhibit excellent homogeneity and improved uniformity over wet chemically pre-cleaned ones

Handheld terahertz systems based on telecom technologies

The potential of Terahertz technology for various applications in security or material inspection has now been demonstrated widely. However, THz systems have to shrink in size and price to become acceptable for real-world applications. Our way to approach this target is to exploit technologies developed and matured originally for 1.55 m fiber-optic telecom applications. Key devices are photoconductive antennas for 1.55 m operation. They were developed using a novel InGaAs/InAlAs multi-layer structure. The antennas are packaged into fiber coupled modules. These handheld THz heads are driven by a 1.55 m pulsed fiber laser. A tunable delay with both an oscillating mirror and a precise linear drive allow for real-time measurements as well as for high resolution spectroscopy. The system performance up to 4 THz is demonstrated