The aim of this study was to develop an optimal sustainable forest plantation based on goal programming
and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. This study was carried out in Guilan province, north of
Iran. First of all, the ecological capability of the study area for plantation establishment/maintenance was
evaluated based on multi-factor method and specific ecological Makhdoum Model by means of GIS tools.
Then goal programming approach as a multi criteria optimization technique was used for optimization.
Therefore, ecological, economic and social aims were considered. Carbon sequestration was chosen as an
ecological criterion. To estimate the total aboveground biomass and carbon content stem volume, stem
biomass and crown biomass were measured using allometric equations. The net present value was also
calculated using stumpage price, harvesting cost, consumer price index, annual growth, interest rate and
optimal rotating. Estimated required labour for different plantation items were obtained from data base of
Iranian Forests Rangelands and Watershed Management Organization. In order to achieve all purposes
simultaneously, the goal programming technique was applied. Results indicated that using mathematical
modeling provided a more logical set of consequences compared to using ecological modeling. The ability
to change the weighting of the variables in the mathematical equations enabled decision makers to choose
the optimal solution. Final results indicated that the appropriate plantation area for each species are as
follow: Acer velutinum (810 ha), Alnus subcordata (348 ha), Pinus taeda (235 ha), Tilia begonifolia (165 ha),
Quercus castanifolia (149 ha), Pinus nigra (110 ha) and Fraxinus excelsior (0 ha)
