Development and analytical validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the assessment of gastrointestinal permeability and intestinal absorptive capacity in dogs

Assessment of gastrointestinal permeability in vivo is considered a suitable method for the evaluation of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. Probes commonly used include lactulose (L) and rhamnose (R) for the assessment of intestinal permeability, xylose (X) and 3-O-methylglucose (M) for the evaluation of intestinal absorptive capacity, and sucrose (S) for the assessment of gastric permeability. Traditionally, various methods have been used to quantify these markers in the urine after orogastric administration. However, urine collection is difficult and uncomfortable. A protocol based on the analysis of blood samples would be easier to perform. Thus, the aim of the first part of this project was to develop and validate a new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the quantification of five sugar probes in canine serum. The method was sensitive, accurate, precise, and reproducible for the simultaneous quantification of 5 sugar probes in serum. The aim of the second part of this project was to assess the kinetic profiles of these 5 sugar probes in serum after orogastric administration in dogs and to determine the optimal time point for sample collection. Dogs received a solution containing L (10 g/L), R (10 g/L), X (10 g/L), M (5 g/L), and S (40 g/L) by orogastric intubation. Baseline blood samples were collected. Subsequent timed blood samples were taken for a 24 hours period. Significant changes in serum concentrations of all 5 sugars were detected after administration of the test dose (p<0.0001 for all 5 probes). Serum concentrations of L and R were significantly different from baseline concentrations from 90 to 240 and from 60 to 300 min post dosing respectively, and those of X, M, and S were significantly different from 30 to 240 min after dosing (p<0.05 for all 5 probes). Variations of the mean sugar concentrations of all dogs at 90, 120, and 180 minutes were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Based on the results, only two blood samples, one taken at baseline and a second sample obtained between 90 and 180 after dosing, appear to be sufficient for assessment of intestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity using these sugar probes

Development and analytical validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the assessment of gastrointestinal permeability and intestinal absorptive capacity in dogs

Assessment of gastrointestinal permeability in vivo is considered a suitable method for the evaluation of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. Probes commonly used include lactulose (L) and rhamnose (R) for the assessment of intestinal permeability, xylose (X) and 3-O-methylglucose (M) for the evaluation of intestinal absorptive capacity, and sucrose (S) for the assessment of gastric permeability. Traditionally, various methods have been used to quantify these markers in the urine after orogastric administration. However, urine collection is difficult and uncomfortable. A protocol based on the analysis of blood samples would be easier to perform. Thus, the aim of the first part of this project was to develop and validate a new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the quantification of five sugar probes in canine serum. The method was sensitive, accurate, precise, and reproducible for the simultaneous quantification of 5 sugar probes in serum. The aim of the second part of this project was to assess the kinetic profiles of these 5 sugar probes in serum after orogastric administration in dogs and to determine the optimal time point for sample collection. Dogs received a solution containing L (10 g/L), R (10 g/L), X (10 g/L), M (5 g/L), and S (40 g/L) by orogastric intubation. Baseline blood samples were collected. Subsequent timed blood samples were taken for a 24 hours period. Significant changes in serum concentrations of all 5 sugars were detected after administration of the test dose (p<0.0001 for all 5 probes). Serum concentrations of L and R were significantly different from baseline concentrations from 90 to 240 and from 60 to 300 min post dosing respectively, and those of X, M, and S were significantly different from 30 to 240 min after dosing (p<0.05 for all 5 probes). Variations of the mean sugar concentrations of all dogs at 90, 120, and 180 minutes were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Based on the results, only two blood samples, one taken at baseline and a second sample obtained between 90 and 180 after dosing, appear to be sufficient for assessment of intestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity using these sugar probes

Determination of competencies in veterinary medicine within the socio-humanistic axis

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las competencias y asignaturas correspondientes del eje socio humanístico dentro del nuevo plan de estudios de la Licenciatura de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas. El nuevo plan de estudios, que contemplan dichas competencias del eje socio humanístico, surge ante la necesidad de la revisión periódica de los contenidos del programa de licenciatura, además de que es un indicador de los organismos acreditadores.&nbsp; Para cumplir con el objetivo, se organizaron mesas de trabajo con los núcleos académicos básicos de docentes expertos en educación veterinaria de la unidad académica. Se estableció la metodología propia para lograr los concesos respectos de las competencias del eje socio humanístico. Para ello, se tuvo el apoyo de la información científica, de marcos referenciales tanto locales, nacionales e internacionales de las competencias del médico veterinario zootecnia con el enfoque humanístico hacia una sola salud. Dentro de las competencias socio humanísticas resultantes de los concesos sobresalen: eficientar los procesos administrativos en los servicios médico veterinarios, ser capaz de elaborar, gestionar y ejecutar proyectos de producción agropecuaria, aplicar modelos de desarrollo rural sostenible preservando el bienestar animal como eje fundamental, tener la capacidad de identificar la actividad empresarial inherente a los servicios medico veterinarios y de la producción pecuaria y tener la capacidad de&nbsp; comunicación. Se concluyó que el perfil profesional del médico veterinario debe contener un buen porcentaje de competencias socio humanísticas las cuales están dentro de materias específicas y contempladas de manera transversal en los distintos ejes del plan de estudios.The objective of this work was to determine the competences and corresponding subjects of the socio-humanistic axis within the&nbsp;new curriculum of&nbsp;the Degree in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas.&nbsp;The new curriculum, which contemplates these competences of the socio-humanistic axis, arises from the need for periodic review of the contents of the bachelor's degree program, in addition to being an indicator of the accrediting bodies.&nbsp;To meet the objective, working groups were organized with the basic academic nuclei of expert teachers in veterinary education of the academic unit.&nbsp;The own methodology was established to achieve the concessions regarding the competences of the socio-humanistic axis.&nbsp;To this end, we had the support of scientific information, both local, national and international reference frameworks of the competences of the veterinary doctor zootechnics with the humanistic approach towards a single health.&nbsp;Among the socio-humanistic competences resulting from the concessions stand out: making the administrative processes in the veterinary medical services more efficient, being able to elaborate, manage and execute agricultural production projects, applying sustainable rural development models preserving animal welfare as a fundamental axis, having the ability to identify the business activity inherent in veterinary medical services and livestock production and having&nbsp;communication skills.&nbsp;It was concluded that the professional profile of the veterinarian must contain a good percentage of socio-humanistic competences which are within specific subjects and contemplated in a transversal way in the different axes of the curriculum. &nbsp

Ecological impact of revegetation on a microphilous desert scrub ecosystem

Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos en dos monitoreos realizados sobre un área revegetada de un matorral desértico micrófilo, al sur de la provincia biótica del Desierto Chihuahuense, para evaluar la situación que guardan sus especies representativas: Parthenium incanum, Larrea tridentata, Salvia ballotiflora, Acacia constricta, Lycium berlandieri, Jatropha dioica y Atriplex canescens; en dos tipos de suelo: somero y profundo, a 10 y 20 años de haber sido tratada. El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre franjas aclareadas con presencia de curvas a nivel, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 5 repeticiones, utilizando transectos de muestreo de 50 m2. Se registró la abundancia relativa (Ar), la frecuencia relativa (Fr), y la dominancia relativa (Dr) de las especies estudiadas. Se estudiaron los efectos de los factores principales y de las interacciones entre a) especie y suelo; b) especie y tratamiento, y c) especie y año de muestreo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre en la Ar, para todas las interacciones, y para la Dr se encontró diferencia significativa solo para la interacción entre especies y tratamiento. Finalmente, con respecto al de grado de progreso de las especies en el intervalo entre los años 2010 y 2020todas ellas, a excepción de la Jatropha dioica y la Atriplex canescens, presentaron un incremento que mostraron una disminución ligera en sus poblaciones. Además, los resultados obtenidos indican que no existió un impacto negativo de la revegetación aplicada en el año 2000, sobre las especies representativas del ecosistema de estudio, a 20 años de su ejecuciónThis paper presents the results obtained in two monitoring studies carried out on a revegetated area of a microphilous desert scrubland, at the south of the biotic province of the Chihuahuan Desert, to assess the conditions of its representative species: Parthenium incanum, Larrea tridentata, Salvia ballotiflora, Acacia constricta, Lycium berlandieri, Jatropha dioica and Atriplex canescens; in two types of soil: shallow and deep, 10 and 20 years after having been revegetated. The study was carried out on cleared fringes with the presence of contour lines, under a randomized complete block design with 5 replications, using 50 m2 sampling transects. Relative abundance (Ar), relative frequency (Fr), and relative dominance (Dr) of the species studied were recorded. Effects of the main factors and interactions between a) species and soil; b) species and treatment, and c) species and sampling year were studied. Significant differences were found between Ar, for all interactions, and for Dr a significant difference was found only for the interaction between species and treatment. Finally, with respect to the degree of progress of the species in the interval between 2010 and 2020, all of them, except for Jatropha dioica and Atriplex canescens, presented an increase and showed a slight decrease in their populations. In addition, the results obtained indicate that there was no negative impact of the revegetation applied in 2000 on the species representative of the study ecosystem, 20 years after its implementation

Deserción escolar de los alumnos de la licenciatura de medicina veterinaria y zootecnia en la universidad autónoma de Zacatecas

The research was carried out in the Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas (UAMVZ-UAZ), whose purpose was to identify the reasons and percentage of school dropout of students who study the degree in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics in the period 2018-2022. Results of the interviews applied to a total of 35students of the MVZ degree are presented, which were developed during that period, so that 100% of the students who dropped out were covered. The main reasons for desertion were: 1. Economic deprivation. 2. Lack of vocation. 3. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. 4. loss of family members, 5. Lack of internet in their municipalities and communities. This result was reviewed with the official information based on the data provided by the staff of the School Department, under the supervision of the head of the undergraduate program of the Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics career, finding that, of a total of 1100 students of the different semesters, in the period from 2018 to 2022, finding that only 3.1% of students dropped out.La investigación se realizó en la Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAMVZ-UAZ), cuya finalidad fue identificar los motivos y porcentaje de deserción escolar de los alumnos que cursan la licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en el periodo comprendido 2018-2022. Se presentan resultados de las entrevistas aplicadas a un total de 35 alumnos los alumnos de la licenciatura de MVZ, las cuales fueron desarrolladas durante ese periodo, por lo que se abarcó al 100% de los alumnos que desertaron.&nbsp;&nbsp; Los motivos principales de deserción fueron: 1. Carencias económicas. 2. Falta de vocación. 3. La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. 4. perdidas de familiares, 5. Falta de internet en sus municipios y comunidades. Este resultado fue revisado con la información oficial en base a los datos proporcionados por el personal del Departamento escolar, bajo la supervisión del responsable de programa de licenciatura de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, encontrando que, de un total de 1100 alumnos de los diferentes semestres, en el periodo del año 2018 al 2022, encontrando que solo un 3.1 % de los alumnos desertaron.&nbsp