45,757 research outputs found
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition in Spin-Charge Separated Superconductor
A model for spin-charge separated superconductivity in two dimensions is
introduced where the phases of the spinon and holon order parameters couple
gauge-invariantly to a statistical gauge-field representing chiral
spin-fluctuations. The model is analyzed in the continuum limit and in the
low-temperature limit. In both cases we find that physical electronic phase
correlations show a superconducting-normal phase transition of the
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type, while statistical gauge-field excitations
are found to be strictly gapless. The normal-to-superconductor phase boundary
for this model is also obtained as a function of carrier density, where we find
that its shape compares favorably with that of the experimentally observed
phase diagram for the oxide superconductors.Comment: 35 pages, TeX, CSLA-P-93-
Fermion Analogy for Layered Superconducting Films in Parallel Magnetic Field
The equivalence between the Lawrence-Doniach model for films of extreme
type-II layered superconductors and a generalization of the back-scattering
model for spin-1/2 electrons in one dimension is demonstrated. This fermion
analogy is then exploited to obtain an anomalous tail for
the parallel equilibrium magnetization of the minimal double layer case in the
limit of high parallel magnetic fields for temperatures in the
critical regime.Comment: 11 pages of plain TeX, 1 postscript figur
Low ordered magnetic moment by off-diagonal frustration in undoped parent compounds to iron-based high-Tc superconductors
A Heisenberg model over the square lattice recently introduced by Si and
Abrahams to describe local-moment magnetism in the new class of Fe-As high-Tc
superconductors is analyzed in the classical limit and on a small cluster by
exact diagonalization. In the case of spin-1 iron atoms, large enough
Heisenberg exchange interactions between neighboring spin-1/2 moments on
different iron 3d orbitals that frustrate true magnetic order lead to hidden
magnetic order that violates Hund's rule. It accounts for the low ordered
magnetic moment observed by elastic neutron diffraction in an undoped parent
compound to Fe-As superconductors. We predict that low-energy spin-wave
excitations exist at wavenumbers corresponding to either hidden Neel or hidden
ferromagnetic order.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, version published in Physical Review Letter
Collective pinning of imperfect vortex lattices by material line defects in extreme type-II superconductors
The critical current density shown by a superconductor at the extreme type-II
limit is predicted to follow an inverse square-root power law with external
magnetic field if the vortex lattice is weakly pinned by material line defects.
It acquires an additional inverse dependence with thickness along the line
direction once pinning of the interstitial vortex lines by material point
defects is included. Moderate quantitative agreement with the critical current
density shown by second-generation wires of high-temperature superconductors in
kG magnetic fields is achieved at liquid-nitrogen temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. To appear in Physical Review
Thermal properties of gauge-fields common to anyon superconductors and spin-liquids
The thermally driven confinement-deconfinement transition exhibited by
lattice quantum electrodynamics in two space dimensions is re-examined in the
context of the statistical gauge-fields common to anyon superconductors and to
spin-liquids. Particle-hole excitations in both systems are bound by a
confining string at temperatures below the transition temperature . We
argue that coincides with the actual critical temperature for anyon
superconductivity. The corresponding specific-heat contribution, however, shows
a {\it smooth} peak just below characteristic of certain high-temperature
superconductors.Comment: 13 pgs, TeX, to appear in Physical Review B (minor revisions
Population of human ventricular cell models calibrated with in vivo measurements unravels ionic mechanisms of cardiac alternans
Cardiac alternansis an important risk factor in cardiac physiology, and is related to the initiation of many pathophysiological conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the generation of alternans remain unclear. In this study, we used a population of computational human ventricle models based onthe O’Hara model [1] to explore the effect of 11 key factors experimentally reported to be related to alternans. In vivo experimental datasets coming from patients undergoing cardiac surgery were used in the calibration of our in silico population of models. The calibrated models in the population were divided into two groups (Normal and Alternans) depending on alternans occurrence. Our results showed that there were significant differences in the following 5 ionic currents between the two groups: fast sodium current, sodium calcium exchanger current, sodium potassium pump current, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release flux and SR calcium reuptake flux. Further analysis indicated that fast sodium current and SR calcium uptake were the two most significant currents that contributed to voltage and calcium alternans generation, respectively
Phosphoproteomics data classify hematological cancer cell lines according to tumor type and sensitivity to kinase inhibitors
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Muon diffusion and electronic magnetism in YTiO
We report a SR study in a YTiO single crystal. We observe
slow local field fluctuations at low temperature which become faster as the
temperature is increased. Our analysis suggests that muon diffusion is present
in this system and becomes small below 40 K and therefore incoherent. A
surprisingly strong electronic magnetic signal is observed with features
typical for muons thermally diffusing towards magnetic traps below K and released from them above this temperature. We attribute the traps to
Ti defects in the diluted limit. Our observations are highly relevant to
the persistent spin dynamics debate on TiO pyrochlores and their
crystal quality
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