Diversidad de la comunidad liquénica en un bosque remanente del sur de la región chaqueña (Córdoba, Argentina)

The lichen community diversity in patches of Chaco forest -NE of Cordoba Province, Argentina- was analyzed. Fifteen forest patches embedded in farmland areas were sampled. Size of the patch and exposure to the crops, were registered. In each patch, ten trees (sample units) with epiphytic lichens were sampled. The cover for epiphytic lichen species and the number of species present were recorded. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was calculated for each patches and Multivariate Analysis (DCA and Indicator Species Analysis) were applied in order to study the composition of the community. The sample patches in the DCA were associated with patch exposition. Four quantitative variables (patch size, relative cover of Physciaceae, Parmeliaceae and Collemataceae families that was the most representative) were related with the first two axes of DCA using correlations coefficients. Twenty one species in patches were identified. The diversity ?richness and cover- have not relation with the patches characteristics. Multivariate Analysis of sample units showed preferences of some species to exposure of patches to the crops. The data indicated that there would be a degradation marked by the impact of the edges on the remaining forests. There is a trend towards more homogeneous communities, formed by species resistant to these boundary conditions and with high coverage.Se analizó la diversidad de la comunidad liquénica del bosque chaqueño en el NE de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Se registraron quince parches de bosque inmersos en áreas de cultivo, su exposición a los cultivos y el tamaño de los parches. En cada parche se muestrearon los líquenes epífitos de diez árboles (unidades muestrales). Se registró la cobertura y el número de especies presentes. Se calculó el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener para cada parche y se aplicaron análisis multivariados (análisis de correspondencia detendenciado -DCA- e índice de indicador de especies) para estudiar la composición de la comunidad. En el DCA se asoció la muestra de parche con su exposición. Se relacionaron cuatro variables cuantitativas (tamaño del parche, cobertura relativa de familias, Physciaceae, Parmeliaceae y Collemataceae, que fueron las más representativas) con los primeros dos ejes del DCA, usando coeficiente de correlación. Se identificaron 21 especies en los parches. El análisis multivariado de las unidades muestrales evidenció preferencia de algunas especies a la exposición de los parches al cultivo. Los datos muestran una degradación debida al impacto del borde en el bosque remanente. Existe una tendencia hacia las comunidades más homogéneas, formadas por especies resistentes a estas condiciones de borde y que presentan altos valores de cobertura.Fil: Estrabou, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentin

A Case Study of American Bicycle Culture: How Cycling to Work Works in a Small Town in Kansas

Small communities, like big cities, are trying to figure out what to do about bicycling. Especially when used for transportation, bicycling offers benefits to individuals such as increased physical activity and decreased costs associated with motorized travel. For small and big cities, alike, bicycling produces zero carbon emissions, causes less wear and tear on already strained road systems, and promotes a tightening up of sprawling landscapes. So far, what we know about bicycling comes principally from statistical surveys and quantitative research of large sample studies conducted in cities with existing bicycle infrastructure. But what we need to know about bicycling goes beyond the numbers to explore how cyclists interact with their communities. Learning how cyclists make it work can help communities design environments and policies to encourage more bicycling. And not just in places with bicycle friendly amenities but also in places that might be called bicycle "unfriendly". This thesis reports on the results of a case study aimed at understanding how a small group of bicyclists make it work in a small military town in Kansas. The cyclists interviewed make it work by committing to biking to work, planning their lives around cycling, and overcoming obstacles. A major obstacle to bicycling is the sense that cyclists do not feel supported by the community. Feedback from this study can lead to a greater sensitivity to everyday dilemmas encountered by cyclists. Leaders and decision makers in places that do not actively encourage cycling can better understand how cyclists fit into their town's sense of community

Clustering: gestión de conocimiento empresarial

This article begins with an introduction that places the reader in the context of information technology, its relevance and influence in business processes both internally and its relationship to the knowledge society, economy and information technologies. He then briefly explained the significance of the cluster, its characteristics, the statistical methods for grouping and usefulness within the organization. This raises the algorithm ISODATA as one of the most effective options for sorting and grouping of cluster demonstrating its applicability to the information and knowledge management of a company through partnerships and alliances between research, science and technology, innovation and performance from all its perspectives that offer a vision of the neo organizational dimensions

Healthy Foods in Schools: Communicating With Children

“Eat well to grow up healthy” is the most memorable message that families transmitted to their children, but what happens with these words of wisdom when the kids have to face the world of school cafeterias? Do they have enough choices to follow these recommendations? Do they want to look for healthy food? These are some questions that can be answered through analyzing meals in school and the narrative related to it. Moreover, some strategies have been created to persuade kids to eat healthily. In the reviewed literature, a lot of sources and procedures are studied to improve choices that kids make and also the actions that school administrators apply to enhance the menus. According to the CDS Centers of Disease Control and Prevention in its Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2019) almost 1 of 5 children are obese, and they are more likely to have it in the adulthood. Less than 1 in 10 children eat the recommended daily amount of vegetables, and nearly 30 million Americans live in neighborhoods without easy access to affordable, nutritious food. Moreover, an estimated 73% of children 3-5 years old not yet in kindergarten are in a non-parental care arrangement every week. This paper presents examples to improve this problem in our country, for example, it shows how the CDC is working with other local and national organizations to promote programs to apply healthy practices with the children, such as prevention programs in the early childcare system training them, funding, and giving technical assistance. In addition, different approaches to teach kids to eat healthily, such as competitions, pledges, and incentives. Moving to read books and finally learn about food in schools, and a lot of resources that we can follow as parents to push back on big brands and companies that are affecting the life of the kids. Finally, my research shows that activism can be part of the solution, with an example of a chef who dedicates his life to teach and creates a program about how the knowledge about food can be incorporated in all the school environments through making it part of the learning skills that the kids get from school.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gradposters2020_artsletters/1002/thumbnail.jp

Crop diversification across scales : implications for resource use and cropping systems sustainability

The industrialization of agriculture and efforts to maximize yields of commodity crops are major drivers of biodiversity loss and disruption of ecosystems balance. To become more sustainable, agriculture needs to be aligned with the delivery of multiple ecosystem services, and reduce its dependency on external inputs and its negative environmental impacts. Increasing crop diversity may be a key strategy to promote multiple benefits and enhance the sustainable development of agroecosystems. More specifically, introducing crop diversification practices such as intercropping, cover crops, or diversified crop rotations may allow for efficient use of resources and enable the synergies of ecosystems processes and functions. In this thesis, I combined theoretical approaches and scientific methods along several scales to assess the sustainability of diversified cropping systems and increase the knowledge of complex cropping systems. The studies include a systematic review, field experiments, farmer interviews, sustainability assessments, and landscape analysis. I found that increasing crop diversity at field, farm, and landscape scales may enable synergies in these agroecosystems without causing yield reductions. Further, crop diversification showed promising effects on nutrient-use efficiency, reduced risk of nutrient losses and promoting associated biodiversity, thereby ensuring environmental sustainability and increasing the resilience of these diversified cropping systems. However, there are still several socio-economic factors that cause disadvantages in these diversified systems, demonstrating the need for increasing policy support or higher market demand for food produced in diversified cropping systems. The findings of this thesis support that increased crop diversity across spatial and temporal scales can contribute to resource-efficient production and enhance the delivery of ecosystem services, thus contributing to more sustainable cropping systems

Three essays in labor economics and public finance

textThis dissertation consists of three essays. The first one brings together the areas of public and labor economics by developing a hypothesis that relates optimal taxation and time use. Using Mexican data on household time use and consumption, we find significant substitution between goods and time in home production and different elasticities of substitution for different house-hold commodities. Adding these findings to the optimal tax problem, we show it is optimal to impose higher taxes on market goods used in the production of commodities with a lower elasticity of substitution between goods and time. This is an analog of the classical Corlett and Hague (1953) result, differing in that we allow for the possibility of substitution between goods and time in the production of commodities. The second chapter is about international migration, in the area of labor economics. On one hand, surveillance of the border between Mexico and the United States by the U.S. government has increased dramatically over the last two decades. On the other hand, undocumented Mexican migrants often make multiple trips between the two countries. Thus, my hypothesis is that these migrants respond to heightened surveillance by increasing the length of stay of the current trip. I estimate a semi-parametric hazard model following Meyer (1990). Using data from the Mexican Migration Project I find no evidence that border enforcement affects the hazard of leaving the U.S. by undocumented Mexican Immigrants. The last essay is about mother's time and children related expenditures. Using data from the Mexican Time Use Survey and the National Household Survey of Income and Expenditure from 2002, I examine the time Mexican mothers dedicate to taking care of their children and the amount of money spent by the household in raising children. The main contribution of this paper is that it analyzes child care time use and child care expenditures simultaneously. The age of the youngest child is the most important determinant of both child care time and money expenditures. It is the case that more educated mothers spend more money on their children. With respect to child care time use, more educated mothers spend more or less time with their children depending on whether they are working or non-working mothers. At all levels of non-mother's income, working mothers spend significantly more money relative to time in child care than non-working mothers. For both groups the ratio of money over time increases at a decreasing rate; however, for non-working mothers the income expansion path is much flatter.Economic

Artículo de Revisión sobre Cultura Organizacional: Definición, Características, Funciones y Efectos

Para la elaboración de este texto se tuvo presente la manera en que varios de autores hablaron sobre Cultura Organizacional, desde diferentes perspectivas académicas; principalmente cuando la definieron buscando una forma de explicarla, también las diferentes maneras en que la caracterizaron con ciertos aspectos que permitían categorizarla, del mismo modo también se expusieron las funciones que le atribuyeron dentro de la organización y las dinámicas internas, también se tuvo en cuenta los efectos que cualquier tipo de cultura puede traer a una organización según cada uno de ellos y finalmente, varias de las conclusiones son una recopilación de lo que la Cultura Organizacional implica dentro de otras áreas académicas según los textos de los expertos citados; seguidas de unas ideas propias que denotan la importancia de su relación con la Gerencia.For the preparation of this text the way that several of authors spoke about organizational culture from different academic perspectives it was present; mainly when they defined for a way to explain it, also the different ways that characterized certain aspects that allowed categorize it, just as the functions attributed within the organization and internal dynamics were also exposed, also took into account the effects of any kind of culture can bring to an organization according to each of them and finally, some of the findings are a compilation of what the organizational culture involved in other academic areas according to experts cited texts; followed by some ideas that show the importance of their relationship with management.Universidad del Rosari

Quantification of Surface Roughness of Lava Flows on Mars

Volcanism has played a significant role throughout Mars’ geologic history. Extensive lava flows are widely spread across Mars’ equatorial region, shaping the surface in a very distinct way. In radar images (at the decimeter scale), these flows are bright, which is a typical characteristic of extremely rough, blocky lavas flows seen on Earth. Although the source of the extreme roughness of Martian lava flows is unknown, their surface roughness parameters can be constrained to 1) gain information about Mars’ interior processes, 2) find appropriate analogues on other planetary bodies, and 3) ideally infer the emplacement style of such lavas. Here, we utilized very detailed high-resolution images of Mars to measure the surface roughness parameters of Martian lava flows at a scale never before examined on the Martian surface (meter scale). Our results determined that at the meter scale, Martian lava flows are smoother than blocky flows seen on Earth, somewhat similar to pahoehoe and rubbly flows seen in Hawaii and Iceland (which are smoother at the decimeter scale), and similar to young lunar lava flows (also smoother at the decimeter scale). The differences observed in the surface roughness of Martian lava flows at the decimeter and meter scales compared to analogue lava flows on Earth and the Moon might be the result of: 1) the differences in the emplacement style of the lava flows, 2) the differences in post-emplacement modification processes on the surface of the lava flows, and/or 3) the limitations of the technique used to characterize the lava flows

Sustainable food waste management through the integration of anaerobic digestion and thermochemical processes

The processing of food waste along with animal manure through anaerobic digestion (AD) is a popular waste management strategy. However, there is the concern that with the proliferation of AD the management of its nutrient-rich effluent, known as digestate, becomes a challenge. Current digestate management practices not only present environmental risks, but also issues related to the seasonality of field spreading and the storage and transportation of large volumes of material. The integration of the AD process with thermochemical conversion (TC) could help reduce some of these issues. The production of biochar from materials already available in the digester setting, such as the solid fractions of digestate and dairy manure, could be used to recover the phosphorus present in the liquid fraction of the effluent. The resulting phosphate enriched biochar will finally be applied as an alternative fertilizer. Both solid digestate and solid manure biochar were produced through pyrolysis at three different temperatures (500, 800, and 1000˚C). To assess the suitability of biochar as a soil amendment, we performed a complete characterization of the material based on the standard proposed by the International Biochar Initiative (IBI). For evaluating biochar as an adsorption medium, phosphate adsorption was tested using a synthetic solution and the effluent from the actual anaerobic co-digestion process. The environmental benefits and drawbacks of combining these two technologies were evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Results showed that the amount of solid digestate biochar produced is sufficient to adsorb approximately 20% of the total phosphate present in the liquid fraction of the digestate. While, solid manure biochar has the potential to fulfill the site requirements to adsorb most of the phosphate in a synthetic solution but not actual digestate. The LCA results show that the combination of technologies could reduce the impacts to freshwater, only if most of the phosphate present its recovered into the biochar

The uses of magic realism in Hollywood adaptations of Allende's The house of the spirits and Esquivel's Like water for chocolate

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como a estética do realismo mágico, que está diretamente ligada ao contexto sócio-político da América Latina, foi traduzida para uma narrativa Hollywoodiana. O trabalho realiza uma análise comparativa entre os romances do gênero realismo mágico A Casa dos Espíritos (1982), de Isabel Allende, e Como Água Para Chocolate (1989), de Laura Esquivel, e as adaptações dos livros ao cinema. Uma análise dos dois filmes, A Casa dos Espíritos (1993), de Bille August, e Como Água Para Chocolate (1993), dirigido por Alfonso Arau, em relação a elementos cinematográficos tais como mise-en-scene (cenário, iluminação, figurino e personagens), enredo, narrativa, motivação e linhas de ação nos leva à conclusão de que Arau obteve mais sucesso do que August ao transferir a estética do realismo mágico para o cinema